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The product line sheet features all the products Rand Associates represents, as well as our contact information and Repr

The product line sheet features all the products Rand Associates represents, as well as our contact information and Representative territory. $ 300 BILLION Annual Cost of Corrosion . $Billion. $36.0. Drinking Water and Sewer Systems.

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The product line sheet features all the products Rand Associates represents, as well as our contact information and Repr

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  1. The product line sheet features all the products Rand Associates represents, as well as our contact information and Representative territory.

  2. $300 BILLION Annual Cost of Corrosion $Billion $36.0 Drinking Water and Sewer Systems • The annual cost of corrosion chart shows that the largest problem with corrosion is in the drinking water and sewage systems category. This presents the problem.

  3. CORROSION • Examples of Common Pipe Corrosion.

  4. OXYGEN Friend or Foe? Oxygenis a corrosion catalyst for Most Metals. 316L Stainless Copper Carbon Steel • Shown are three types of the most commonly used metals in today’s plumbing systems. The pitting is a result of oxygen combining with water and heat.

  5. Thermal Resistance FAILURES • Shown are examples of scale build-up on the heat transfer surface area of a water heater. All domestic water heating equipment will eventually see scale build-up on the heat transfer surfaces. The metals ability to withstand the thermal abuse stress caused by this reaction is based on the metals thermal resistance value.

  6. Water Heater Life Expectancy Type Years (Av.) 9 * Residential Commercial 7 COMMERCIAL WATER HEATERS Annual Unit Sales 78,614 ** New Construction 15,723 Replacement 62,891 *** REPLACEMENTS PER DAY………………………………………………………172 172 * Per AGA 2000 Statistics ** AHRI 2010 Statistics *** Industry claims 80% are for replacement market • Presented in the chart are average life expectancies of commercial and residential water heaters. Also shown are the annual reported sales of replacement vs. new construction. Replacement sales are far greater than new construction sales. This illustrates a problem that needs to be addressed.

  7. MicroscopicImageOf316L • This microscopic image of 316L SS shows its inner granular structure. The makeup of small sharp edged granular pieces makes this form of stainless steel very susceptible to chloride stress cracking. Starting at the top water side, a stress crack can follow a path from top to bottom with no barrier to prevent stress cracking.

  8. 316L Stainless Steel Microscopic Image ofChloride Stress Cracking Chloride Stress Cracking in 316L 20 ppm Chloride 80 °F • Shown is an actual microscopic image of chloride stress cracking in 316L SS with 20 ppm chloride @ 80 degrees F. The 316L SS failed in what would be considered very mild operating conditions.

  9. Non Passivated Tank Failure • This 316L SS water heater was less than 2 years old when the tank failed due to the heat affected area of the weld that was not passivated. The white arrow points to the heat effected zone where water is now leaking from the weld joint. With stainless steel alloys this can be prevented by immersion pickling and passivation process. A process that is currently used by PVI in the manufacturing of water heaters and boilers made of AquaPLEX duplex alloy.

  10. Another angle of the non-passivated tank failure mentioned in the previous slide. Notice the discoloration around the weld joint. This is known as the heat affected zone. Immersion pickling and passivation will prevent this type of failure for 316L. However, it will not prevent chloride stress cracking.

  11. One Easy Spec Eliminates Scale And Corrosion Failures • From this point forward, the presentation will begin to explain how AquaPLEX duplex alloy has been engineered to eliminate scale and corrosion failures. Thereby, providing you with the world’s first indestructible line of water heaters and boilers.

  12. Created By: ………………………………..OUTOKUMPU STAINLESS • y……………………………………….LDX-2101 Outokumpu,Sweden Alloy……………………………………….LDX-2101 Available From……………………….Sandmeyer Steel Co. Philadelphia,PA. Available Since……………………….April 2006 • This phenomenal duplex alloy developed in Sweden in 2006 was named LDX-2101 by Outokumpu. That alloy was trademarked - AquaPLEXby PVI for the use of manufacturing boilers and water heaters. LDX-2101 is available for purchase by any manufacturer.

  13. 316L Microscopic Images of AquaPLEX and 316L Stainless AquaPLEX • Compared are microscopic images of AquaPLEX and 316L. The layered structure of AquaPLEX is the result of different curing and cooling parameters for austenite and ferrite. This makes the alloy impervious to chloride stress cracking. The inter granular make up of the 316L offers an easy path for chloride stress cracking to occur without a barrier to prevent the crack from forming completely through the piece of metal.

  14. Pickling And Passivation Process Acid bath @ 1.5 pH (Total Immersion) Heat Affected Zone Restores Ferritic Structure Activates Chromium Oxide Barrier • The immersion pickling and passivation process is used to change the alloy back to its original state after welding has created the dark colored “heat effected zone”, the acid bath restores the ferritic structure activating the chromium oxide barrier.

  15. Pickling And Passivation Process Acid bath @ 1.5 pH (Total Immersion) Activates Chromium Oxide Barrier • This process has created a corrosion barrier of chromium oxide.

  16. Why is Oxygen Good For AquaPLEX Oxygen Sustains The Chromium Oxide Barrier. • Oxygen is a corrosion catalyst to most metals used in plumbing systems. Oxygen helps to sustain the chromium oxide barrier in AquaPLEX.

  17. How we Know it Works 190°F Water 5.0 PH 650 PPM Chloride Multiple Cycles • Figures shown above are considered to be very aggressive operating conditions for most water heaters. Results from the ongoing testing of AquaPLEX proves it is unaffected by this abuse.

  18. This is Why It Works Chromium Oxide Barrier Sustained By Oxygen Impervious To Chloride Stress Cracking Proven Tensile And Yield Advantages • Listed are some of the points that make this alloy resistant to major challenges in a water heating system.

  19. TENSILE YIELD PSI PSI MATERIAL SUPERIORTENSILE AND YIELD AquaPLEX 100,946 69,328 Carbon Steel GRADE A36 58,000 36,000 Cast Aluminum 23,000 47,000 316L Stainless 78,000 30,000 Listed are some of the proven tensile and yield comparisons for various metals.

  20. Thermal Resistance • Scale can act as a layer of insulation between the fire side and the water side of a water heater making it difficult to transfer the heat to the water threatening the heating transfer surface. The metal’s ability to withstand this abuse brought on by the scale and the heat is its thermal resistance.

  21. AquaPLEX3 PASS DESIGN TRICON WATER HEATER ° 1800 F Flu Gas Exiting Burner AquaPLEX 885 F ° Max Fire Side 550 F ° • The thermal resistance of AquaPLEX is far higher than the max temperature that the tube sheet could ever reach. This makes the alloy capable of withstanding greater temperatures due to scale build-up on the heat transfer surface area.

  22. 1800°F • Example of scale build-up on the bottom tube sheet of a vertical fire tube three pass design. Maximum mean temperature of AquaPLEX is rated at 885 degrees F. The maximum mean temperature of the center tube sheet at the area most subject to scaling is 550 degree F. This differential of temperature assures the thermal resistance is far greater than high stress operating conditions would present. Max. Mean Temperature 885 °F 550°F

  23. ROBOTIC WELDING • Six-Axis Robotic welding insures a perfect weld joint each and every time.

  24. Compared is an non-passivated 316L stainless steel weld joint (left) and a passivated robotic weld on an AquaPLEX tube sheet (right).

  25. STORAGE TANKS DURAWATT ELECTRIC TURBOPOWER 99 QUICKDRAW STEAM TURBOPOWER TRICON MAXIM 3 POWER VT PLUS • Shown are available AquaPLEX water heaters and storage tanks.

  26. V VT.3-------------------85% B O I L E R S MODEL EFFICIENCY CENTAURI------------94% CENTAURI PLUS-----99% AVAILABLE IN 399-2000 MBTU 3-PASS DESIGN • Many of the known and trusted boiler designs are now also available in AquaPLEX duplex alloy in condensing and non-condensing high efficiency models.

  27. WHY MEDIUM MASS BOILERS? • CONNECTS DIRECT TO BUILDING LOOP • NO MINIMUM FLOW RATE • ELIMINATES SHORT CYCLING • Medium mass boilers continue to be considered the most hassle-free design offering many advantages over instantaneous type water heating systems.

  28. THE RECIPE FOR SUCCESS 21% CHROMIUM FERRITIC (400 Series) TENSILE 100,946 PSI AUSTENITIC (300 Series) YIELD 69,328 PSI 885 °F MEAN TEMPERATURE SCALE AND CORROSION PROOF INDESTRUCTIBLE • This signifies a paradyneshift in the water heating industry. The recipe for success and expert engineering all justify what makes AquaPLEX an indestructible source of hot water.

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