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Warm – Up 9/9

Warm – Up 9/9. What are the four conditions that influence the amount of runoff an area would have? Get out your surface water notes from Friday to prepare for today’s quiz. Surface Water Movement. Surface Water. What types of bodies of water constitute surface water?

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Warm – Up 9/9

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  1. Warm – Up 9/9 • What are the four conditions that influence the amount of runoff an area would have? • Get out your surface water notes from Friday to prepare for today’s quiz.

  2. Surface Water Movement

  3. Surface Water • What types of bodies of water constitute surface water? • River, lakes, streams, ponds, and seas • Where does surface water come from? • Rain, Ice, Snow, and Under the ground

  4. Hydrologic Cycle • Earth’s water supply is recycled in a continuous process

  5. Hydrologic Cycle • Evaporation-Movement of water from Earth’s surface to atmosphere • Condensation- Movement from water vapor to clouds • Precipitation- water falls back on Earth • Infiltration- Water soaking into the Earth • Runoff- water on earth’s surface that flows downslope into lakes, streams, rivers, oceans, or puddles • Transpiration- water vapor from plants; Similar to evaporation

  6. Runoff • A number of conditions determine whether water on Earth’s surface will infiltrate the ground or become runoff. • Vegetation • causes the soil to hold more water • water flows slower down plants allowing the ground to soak in more • Rate of Precipitation- • More water enters ground if rainfall is gentle • During heavy downpours , the rate of precipitation may exceed the rate of infiltration

  7. Runoff • Soil Composition: Determines how much water soil can hold • Slope: the steeper the slope, the less water is allowed to soak into the ground

  8. Stream Systems • Stream System- Large river and all of its tributaries • Water flows downslope to lower elevations • Can flow into lakes, oceans and other streams

  9. Stream Systems • Tributaries • Rivers that flow into other streams • Example: Missouri river is a tributary for the Mississippi

  10. Stream Systems • Water Sheds • All of the land whose water drains into a stream • Divide • A high land that separates one watershed from another

  11. Stream Systems • Stream Load: the material that a stream carries. Stream load is carried in 3 ways: • solution: material dissolved in water 2. suspension: particles small enough to be held up by the turbulence of moving water (silt, sand, clay) 3. bed load: sand pebbles and cobbles that are rolled and pushed along the stream bed by water

  12. Stream Velocity and Carrying Power • Carrying power: streams ability to transport material; this is dependent on stream velocity and volume • Stream velocity: effected by slope, depth, width of the stream • Discharge: width x depth x velocity • When discharge increases, carrying power increases • Increases during heavy rain, rapid snowmelt, and flooding

  13. Floodplains • Flood- water spills over the sides of stream banks and onto adjacent lands • Floodplain- the area of land covered with stream water during times of floods • When water recedes off the floodplain, sediments are deposited on the land making the soil very fertile

  14. Floods • Upstream flood: the flooding of a small area caused by a sudden rainstorm dropping large amounts of time (flashflood) • Downstream flood: heavy accumulation of excess water from large regional drainage

  15. Streams, Wetlands, and Lakes

  16. Stream Development • Stream formation relies on adequate water supply • As a stream develops it changes width and size, and shapes the land over which it flows

  17. Formation of Stream Valleys • Driving force of a stream- gravity • Stream actively erodes a path through the sediment or rock, a V-shaped channel develops

  18. Meander • As stream channels develop into broader valleys , the volume of water and sediment that they can carry increases. • Sometimes the water begins to erode the sides of the channel in such a way that the overall path starts to bend and wind. • A bend or curve is called a meander.

  19. Meander

  20. Origins of Lakes • Lakes can form from many different sources • Stream flows become blocked • Glacial origins • Melted glaciers • Water from precipitation , runoff, and underground sources can maintain a lake’s water supply

  21. Lakes Undergo Change • Eutrophication: when watershed enriches bodies of water with nutrients that stimulate excessive plant growth • Can be positive or negative

  22. Wetlands • Wetland: low lying area that is periodically saturated with water and support a specific plant species • Areas include bogs, marshes, or swamps

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