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Warm up. Use your white board to draw the Lewis structure for ozone, O 3 . What does the word hybridization mean? Use your own words. While you are doing warm up I will come around and check HW #24. (except 4 th period). Warm up. Warm up. Resonance.
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Warm up • Use your white board to draw the Lewis structure for ozone, O3. • What does the word hybridization mean? Use your own words. • While you are doing warm up I will come around and check HW #24. (except 4th period)
Resonance A resonance structure is a structure that occurs when it is possible to draw two or more valid electron dot structures. In the case of ozone, neither structure actually exists, but rather the actual bonding is an average of the two structures.
Resonance: Ozone
Warm up Definition of hybridization ….
Hybridization • Learn what a sigma bond looks like • Learn what a pi bond looks like • -Understand the concept of orbital hybridization and how it changes the bonding in an atom such as carbon
Sigma Bond When two atomic orbitals combine to form a bond along the axis between two atoms … we call it a sigma bond (s)
Pi Bond When two “p” orbitals combine side by side we say they overlap to form a pi (P) bond Pi bonds exist when we have double and triple bonds
What does this all mean? Single bond – 1 sigma bond Double bond – 1 sigma and 1 pi bond Triple bond – 1 sigma and 2 pi bonds
The electron structure of a carbon atom can be written as: Based on this model, we would predict that carbon atoms should form two covalent bonds??!!
Instead carbon atoms almost always form 4 bonds. Why???? Hybridization
Hybridized Carbon Aufbau Diagram Regular Carbon Aufbau Diagram hybridization 1 s + 3 p = 4 sp3 (All 4 orbitals are now equal at the 2nd energy level)
Electrons must be distributed among the new orbitals. Since these hybrid orbitals are equal in energy, the electrons must distributed according to Hund’s Rule.
4 sp3 orbitals bond with4 hydrogen atoms - methane Overlap here is known as sigma bond sp3 carbon
Let’s predict what sp2 hybridization around a carbon might look like? Take out your white boards
sp hybridizationcarbon triple bond - acetylene 234-236 in your text discusses these examples
Summary sp3 hybridization involves single-bonded carbon sp2 hybridization involves double-bonded carbon sphybridization involves triple-bonded carbon