compulsory ( adj ) that must be done because of a law or a rule ( บังคับ )

1. Choices 12 Vocabulary (Ex. 1) compulsory (adj) that must be done because of a law or a rule (บังคับ) National Curriculum (n) (in Britain) a programme of study in all the main subjects that children aged 5 to 16 in state schools must follow (หลักสูตรการศึกษาภาคบังคับของชาติ) optional (adj) that you can choose to do or have if you want to (ทางเลือก) career (n) a job or series of related jobs that you do, especially a profession that you spend a lot of your working life in (อาชีพ) MI6 (n) The British government organisation that deals with national security from outside Britain. Its official name is ‘the Secret Intelligence Service’. (หน่วยสืบราชการลับ)

2. Cultural note GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) เป็นการสอบในประเทศอังกฤษและเวลส์ และในอีกบางประเทศ โดยจะสอบเมื่อเด็กมีอายุประมาณ 16 ปีขึ้นไป นักเรียนเลือกสอบประมาณ 8-12 วิชา เช่น วิทยาศาสตร์ ภาษาอังกฤษ คณิตศาสตร์ สังคมศึกษา ภาษาต่างประเทศ ศิลปะ ฯลฯ และผลการสอบจะแบ่งเป็น 7 ระดับ คือ Grade A, B, C, D, E, F, G ผู้ที่สอบได้ Grade C ขึ้นไปจึงจะถือว่าสอบผ่าน นักเรียนที่สอบ GCSE ได้แล้ว (อย่างน้อย 5 วิชา) หากจะศึกษาต่อในระดับอุดมศึกษาจะต้องศึกษาต่ออีกประมาณ 2 ปี ในระดับ A Level (Advanced Level)

5. Possible answers • 1 Because they’ll influence not only the students’ next two years at school, but also university choices and their future careers. • 2 Subject teachers, career coordinators and the families can help students to decide. • 3 Maths, English and Science. • The advisor tells students to think about what they like doing, what they’re good at and what skills they have developed outside school. • To work for an international bank I’ll need to study Business and Economics. • They need a lot of passion and determination.

7. Possible answers 13 Art 14 Physical Education 15 English 16 Science 17 Geography 18 History also: the native language, grammar and literature, one or more foreign languages, Religious Education, Musical Education, Information Technology, etc.

9. Possible answers I think they teach Literature and Economics at secondary level in Thailand. I think they also teach Chemistry, Biology and Physics.

11. Possible answers A: What school are you going to attend next year? B: I’m going to attend a Science-oriented school. A: Which subjects are you going to study? B: I’m going to study Maths, Physics, Chemistry and Biology. A: What do you think it will be like? B: I think it will be interesting. A: Which subject do you think will be the most difficult? B: I think Chemistry will be very difficult because I’ve never studied it before.

15.      

16. Answers 1 DS 2 T 3 F (She looked after three goldfish when she was eleven.) 4 F (She likes dogs.) 5 DS 6 F (Mrs Parker thinks Ruth isn’t good for that job because she’s allergic to dogs.)

17. pet sitter already has had was forgot dogs

18. 1 _____________ paperboy/papergirl 3 ____________ 2 ______________ volunteer hairdresser’s assistant

19. babysitter shop assistant fruit picker 4 ______________ 5 ______________ 6 ______________ pet sitter farmhand 7 ______________ 8 _______________

20. Audio script and answers C 2.37 lifeguard 1 paperboy / papergirl 2 hairdresser’s assistant 3 volunteer 4 babysitter 5 shop assistant 6 fruit picker 7 farmhand 8 pet sitter

21. Possible answer I think the best job for Simon is a lifeguard because he can stay outside, play sport on the beach and talk to lots of people. He can also help people in danger because he is physically strong.

22. Marta Garcia 14 sociable, intelligent likes talking to people / dislikes staying alone baby sitter Yes Last summer Yes, tennis Since I was seven Yes, the piano For two years Yes Last year Name _____________________________________ Surname _____________________________________ Age _____________________________________ Personality _____________________________________ Likes / dislikes ______________________________________________________________ Experience ______________________________________________________________ Ever had a part-time job? ____________ When?______________________ Do you play a sport ______________________________________________________. How long have you played it? ________________________________________ Do you play an instrument? __________________________________________. How long have you played it? ________________________________________ Ever been abroad? ______________ When? ______________________________

23. Possible answer I think the best job for Marta is a shop assistant because she’s sociable and likes talking to people. OR: I think the best job for Marta is a babysitter because she has previous experience, she is sociable and she can play tennis or the piano with children.

24. future simple to be going to future simple

25. Possible answers I don’t think I’ll have time to write to Mary. I think I’ll go to the supermarket. I don’t think I’ll go to the cinema. I think I’ll finish my French homework. I think I’ll go to bed early tonight. I don’t think I’ll go out. I don't think I'll go to the cinema. I think I’ll go to bed early. 1_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

26. Possible answers I’m doing my homework on Saturday morning. I’m having a meal in a restaurant on Saturday evening. I’m staying in bed on Sunday morning. I’m playing tennis with my brother on Sunday afternoon.

27. Possible answers I’m going to go to my grandparents’ next week. I’m not going to stay at home. I’m not going to walk in the park. I’m going to run along the river. I’m going to call Tony next week. I’m not going to visit him. I’m going to go shopping every day. I’m not going to do my homework.

28. ’m going to will ’ll is going to ’s going to won’t will ’re going to

29. A C B D

30. ’ve never been ’ve already finished learnt went Have ever found got ’ve just eaten hasn’t decided yet

31. how long for

32. Answers 1 A: How long has Peter played tennis? B: For three weeks. 2 A: How long have you known Susan? B: Since I was at primary school. 3 A: How long has Greg been married? B: Since June. 4 A: How long has he had his car? B: Since 2006. 5 A: How long have they studied French? B: For six years. 6 A: How long have you been here? B: Since seven o’clock.

33. hygiene hygiene cure hospitals medicines

34. university epidemics surgery veterinary

35. Vocabulary (Ex. 1) epidemic (n) a large number of cases of a particular disease happening at the same time in a particular community (โรคระบาด) cure (v) to make an illness go away (รักษา) medicines (n) a substance, especially a liquid that you drink or swallow in order to cure an illness (ยารักษาโรค) surgery (n) medical treatment of injuries or diseases that involves cutting open a person’s body and often removing or replacing some parts; the branch of medicine connected with this treatment (ศัลยกรรม, การผ่าตัด) veterinary (adj) connected with caring for the health of animals (เกี่ยวกับการรักษาโรคของสัตว์) hygiene (n) the practice of keeping yourself and your living and working areas clean in order to prevent illness and disease (สุขอนามัย, สุขลักษณะ)

37. Possible answers Prehistoric 1 charms and magic spells 2 to remove the evil spirits 3 used herbs, magical ceremonies and surgery through the skull 4 no answer • Ancient Greece • 1 considered a science • 2 real medicine and hygiene • 3 rejected religious ceremonies or magical cures • 4 no answer Ancient Egypt 1 very important 2 natural medicines and surgical operations 3 understood the human body very well 4 no answer • Ancient Rome • 1 important • 2 cleanliness • 3 were an important part of Roman society • 4 no answer

38. The 1700s 1 more scientific 2 no answer 3 studied the anatomy of the human body 4 no answer Middle Ages 1 a mixture of ideas 2 science, religious prayer, and magic 3 studied the human body 4 no answer The Renaissance 1 important 2 no answer 3 studied at university and had an important role in society 4 no answer The 1800s 1 important 2 vaccinations and surgery 3 became specialised 4 veterinary medicine

39. 1967 1928 1953

40. Possible answers Galen of Pergamum (129-ca.210) studied the human body, especially through the dissection of human remains and the vivisection of animals. He was able to perform advanced surgery and to treat a wide variety of patients, from gladiators to the Emperor, Marcus Aurelius.

41. Gino Strada (1948, Milan) was a heart transplant surgeon until 1988, when he started his work for the Red Cross in conflict zones such as Pakistan, Ethiopia, Peru, Afghanistan, Somalia and Bosnia. In 1994 he founded a charitable organisation called “Emergency” to help civilian victims of war. The charity has hospitals in Sierra Leone and Afghanistan and first aid posts near the front lines. Gino Strada has published Buskashi: Viaggio dentro la guerra (A Journey inside War), 2003; Green Parrots: A war surgeon's diary, 2004; Just war, 2005.

42. Check Your Progress Units 10-12 Exercise 1 • Books • biography • best seller • dictionary • comic TV Programmes 5 news 6 advert 7 soap 8 quiz show 9 chat show

43. Exercise 2 1 P E T S I T T E R 2 S H O P A S S I S T A N T 3 P A P E R B O Y 4 V O L U N T E E R 5 B A B Y S I T T E R

44. Exercise 3 1Bryan: Hey, Monica! Look over there! That’s Susan, isn’t it? 7Bryan: I’m not keen on German. I prefer studying Spanish. 6Monica: Yes. Her mother’s German and Susan loves the language. 3Bryan: I didn’t know that. When did she leave? 2Monica: No, it can’t be her. She’s gone to Germany. 5Bryan: She often goes there, doesn’t she? 4Monica: Yesterday morning. 8Monica: So do I. It isn’t as difficult, is it?

45. Exercise 4 Answers 1 visited 2 hasn’t arrived 3 didn’t like 4 have (you) lived 5 have known

46. Exercise 5 Answers 1 E They must be tired. They haven’t slept for days. 2 C He can’t be in New York. I saw him at the supermarket this morning. 3 B She must be a new student. Nobody knows her. 4 D He can’t be 16! He’s about my age. 5 F This can’t be Tom’s jumper. It’s too small. 6 A They can’t be at home. The lights are off.

47. Exercise 6 Answers

48. Exercise 7 Possible answers 1 I live in Dublin. 2 My favourite subject is Geography. 3 Yes, I play rugby. 4 No, I don’t have any brothers or sisters. 5 I watch 1 or 2 hours a day.

49. Exercise 8 Answers 1 C haven’t seen 2 C went 3 A says 4 B are 5 A meeting 6 B will 7 B forgot 8 C am having