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Contact dermatitis

Contact dermatitis. William Pinette 30 July, 2010. Toxicodendron diversilobum , Poison-oak. What is it?. Contact Dermatitis:

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Contact dermatitis

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  1. Contactdermatitis William Pinette 30 July, 2010 Toxicodendron diversilobum, Poison-oak

  2. What is it? • Contact Dermatitis: “Contact dermatitis is an eczematous skin reaction caused by direct and usually repeated exposure to harmful objects or chemicals … It is typically characterized by itching papules ... but may vary from slight hyperkeratosis ... and small fissures to extensive redness, swelling and oozing. A histopathological examination of a biopsy shows an acute inflammation in the epidermis.” – European Society for Contact Dermatitis • Allergic Contact Dermatitis • Irritant Contact Dermatitis

  3. Allergic Contact Dermatitis

  4. Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) • Immune response • Delayed Type Hypersensitivity • T lymphocytes • Allergens • Toxicodendron • Urushiol • Nickel and other metals • Latex • Chemicals • Formaldehyde • Perfume

  5. Irritant Contact Dermatitis (ICD) • No direct immune response • Exposure to irritants that compromise the epithelium in various ways • Industrial Solvents • Oil products • Hair products • Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF)

  6. Prophylaxis • ACD • Cannot “cure” the immune system. • Avoid exposure to allergen • Wash affected area with soap and cool water • Corticosteroids and antihistamine for more severe cases • ICD • Avoid prolonged exposure to irritants • Personal protective equipment • Barrier creams

  7. References • What is contact dermatitis? European Society of Contact Dermatitis. http://www.escd.org/aims/contact_dermatitis • Kalish RS, Johnson KL. Enrichment and function of urushiol (poison-ivy)-specific T Lymphocytes in lesions of allergic contact dermatitis to urushiol. J Immunol.(1990) 145: 3706-3713 • Niyama et. al. Th2 Immune Response Plays a Critical Role in the Development of Nickel-Induced Allergic Contact Dermatitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol (2010). 153: 303–314 • Gimenez-Arnaui et al. Shoe contact dermatitis from dimethyl fumarate: clinical manifestations, patch test results, chemical analysis, and source of exposure. Contact Dermatitis (2009) 61: 249–260 • Chew IL, Maibach HI. Occupational issues of irritant contact dermatitis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health (2003) 76: 339–346

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