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Contact Dermatitis

Contact Dermatitis. Pathogenesis of Dermatitis. Irritants. Allergens type 1&4. Infection. Endogenous factors. Contact Dermatitis. Acute -redness, itching, vesiculation Chronic - scaly desquamation Site and morphology determined by causative exposure

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Contact Dermatitis

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  1. Contact Dermatitis

  2. Pathogenesis of Dermatitis Irritants Allergens type 1&4 Infection Endogenous factors

  3. Contact Dermatitis • Acute -redness, itching, vesiculation • Chronic - scaly desquamation • Site and morphology determined by causative exposure • Irritant - caustic agents or detergents -hands • ‘Allergic’ - rash 6-12 hours peaking at 48-72 hours

  4. Irritant contact dermatitis • Skin damaged directly by the irritant • soaps, detergents, water, solvents, dry atmosphere etc • very, very common • at least 5% of the population suffer from hand dermatitis • Treat with emollients/moisturisers

  5. Delayed “allergy” • Takes the immune system a few hours to react • Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) • Common causes: • nickel • fragrances • rubber additives • preservatives • plants • medicaments etc

  6. Sensitizers • Nickel - wear >18 carat gold • Rubber accelerators in elastic, gloves, shoes • Permanent hair dyes -paraphenylenediamine • Fragrances eg Balsam of Peru and cinnamic aldehyde present in cosmetics, soaps, perfumes and toothpastes - use ‘fragrance free’ products not just unscented. • Adhesives and Varnishes • Latex, Formaldehyde and Chromates • Benzocaine and neomycin in topical medications

  7. ACD • Nickel allergy involves ears, skin under buckles and often the hands; accidental spread from the hands can affect the face • Hair products - dyes and sprays - affect the face, neck and ears. • Dyes in socks and shoes affect the feet. • Medications for the treatment of leg ulcers can cause dermatitis of the legs

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