Chapter 12: Politics of the Roaring Twenties Americans Struggle with Postwar Issues

1. Chapter 12: Politics of the Roaring TwentiesAmericans Struggle with Postwar Issues

2. I. Post-War Fears and Unrest Fear of Communism/Red Scare What is Communism? a. Karl Marx—founder. b. Struggle between “Haves” and “Have-Nots.” c. Supported the violent overthrow of industrial capitalist governments. d. First tried in Russia (1917)

4. What was the Red Scare? 2. Americans feared that communists would try to overthrow the US government like Lenin and the Bolsheviks had done in Russia.

5. How did American React? 3. The Palmer Raids—From 1919 to 1920, Palmer and J. Edger Hoover began a series of raids on suspected communists. 100s deported w/out trial. Violated civil rights Never turned-up a conspiracy.

6. B. Fear of Foreigners/Nativism—“Keep America for Americans.” • Many viewed immigrants as radicals/extremists. 2. Trial of Sacco and Vanzetti. What happened? 3. Ku Klux Klan (KKK). a. In membership. 1924—4.5 million members. b. Domestic terrorism.

7. 4. Emergency Quota Act of 1921. a. Dramatically limited immigration. b. Only 150,000 immigrants admitted per year.

8. Chapter 13 The Roaring Life of the 1920’s

9. Bell Ringer 13.1 • The 1920s saw a conflict between Rural America and Urban America. • Identify 2 differences between Rural America and Urban America. • Identify 1 similarity. • Write in Complete Sentences. • Underline your answers.

10. I. Rural vs. Urban Life Urban Rural

11. Section 1: Changing Ways of Life

12. I. Rural vs. Urban Life A. Rural Life Ending • South and West • Conservative beliefs • Religious • Ethnically Homogeneous

13. B. Urbanization • Northeast US mostly • Growing in size • Mostly industrial • Liberal beliefs • Less religious • Well Educated • Ethnically Diverse

14. II. Social Issues

15. A. Prohibition • 18th Amendment: 1920 • Can’t sell, make, or transport alcohol in US • Supported by • Women • South • Religion • Volstead Act • Provided govt. funding to enforce, but not enough available • Too much land to cover • bribes

16. B. How did people get around Prohibition? • Speakeasies • Hidden bars and nightclubs • Cops knew about them and did nothing

17. C. Bootleggers • People that smuggles alcohol • Organized Crimes • Paid off police and court • Al Capone • 60 million off illegal alcohol sales

18. D. Science vs. Religion • Fundamentalism • Believing everything in the Bible is fact • Tennessee had made it illegal to teach evolution in school

19. Scopes Trial • John T Scopes volunteered to teach evolution and arrested • Lots of sensation • Decision: • Scopes guilty • Law remained in effect that it was illegal to teach evolution in school

20. Section 2: Women in the 1920s

21. Bell Ringer 13.2 • Who are the two figures? (What do they represent?) • What is the subject of this political cartoon? • What is the purpose of this political cartoon?

22. A. Changes 1. Women • WWI presented new opportunities, allowed freedom • Media popularized image of “New Woman” • Flapper • Vamp • Neither as widespread as people like to think

23. Then… Now…

24. 2. Family • Family changed in the 20s • Birthrate down • Birth control available through the work of Margaret Sanger • Increase in standard of living resulted in smaller families

28. 3. Children’s Roles • Children spent more time at school • Teens more rebellious • Media influenced them • New Music, Dancing, clothes pushed the edge • Less time with family and more time with friends

29. B. Exceptions? Women had to face Double Standards • Still responsible for housework, even if had job • Still expected to manage family • Also, had to be careful when dating or risk ridicule

30. Housework did become more convenient through technology • Electricity • Vacuums, washing machines • Canned food and ready made clothes • Led to more leisure time and possibility of job

31. Where could women work? • Well educated: nurses and teachers • Unskilled: typists, secretaries and clerks

32. Section 3: Education and Popular Culture

33. Education • Education • More students in high schools • 2-4 million • Industry jobs needed basic education

34. Bell Ringer 13.3 Harding and Coolidge Harding Administration (p. 419-421) Coolidge Administration (p.422-424) Similarities

35. Music • Music changed • Jazz came on the scene • Challenged status quo • Caused people to dance…together…

36. Mass Media/Technology • More newspapers • National Magazines become popular • Readers Digest • Time • Life

37. Radio • Most powerful way to communicate news, events and entertainment • Advertisements

38. Mass Media • Heroes • Babe Ruth • Charles Lindbergh

39. Entertainment and Art • Lots of new and exciting art in the 20’s • Jazz Singer: 1st movie with sound 1927 • Disney makes first animated cartoon: Steamboat Willy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBgghnQF6E4

40. Writing • New Themes • Isolation • Had been wounded in war • Live for today • Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby (excess of Americans after war)

41. Leisure Time • By 1929 America spending 4.5 billion on leisure time • New Fads: • Crosswords • Cards • Egyptian goods • Flagpole sitting • Dance marathons

42. Section 4: Harlem Renaissance

43. Section 4: Harlem Renaissance • African Americans get a voice in 1920’s • 1910-20:Great Migration • By 1929 40% of A.A. live in cities • Faced racism, but better then South

44. Renaissance: Rebirth • Literature, Art, Painting • Exposed America to “Black” culture

45. Civil Rights Movement • 1909 NAACP started by Dubois and Johnson • Used legislation and publications like: “The Crisis” to make case known • Goal=Legally End Segregation

46. Black Pride and Nationalism • Led by Marcus Garvey • Establish a colony in Africa

47. Who were the musicians of the Harlem Renaissance? Billie Holiday http://youtu.be/x6RwSsHSIfs Louis Armstrong http://youtu.be/CqujvTl5zns http://youtu.be/gDrzKBF6gDU Dizzy Gillespie Bessie Smith http://youtu.be/8Who6fTHJ34

48. Who were the Writers of the Harlem Renaissance? Claude McCay: novelist and poet Langston Hughes: Poet http://youtu.be/pZPNQK3k8Yo Zora Hurston: told the life of a A.A. woman

49. Reading: Henry Ford