Vygotsky & Stanisklavski

1. Vygotsky & Stanisklavski Dr Hannah Grainger Clemson

2. In the process of social life, feelings develop and former connections disintegrate; emotions appear in new relations with other elements of mental life Lev Vygotsky Our type of creativeness is the conception and birth of a new being – the person in the part. It is a natural act similar to the birth of a human being. Konstantin Stanislavski

3. K. Stanislavski L. Vygotsky Born Russia 1863 Actor & Theatre Director Born Russia 1896 Teacher & Psychologist

4. Previous experiences Self in action Current environment

5. LENINGRAD Pavlov’s Laboratories Conditioned Reflex MOSCOW ART THEATRE Identifying a character’s ‘task’ that guides an actor’s performance Institute of Psychology KREMLIN SERPUCHOVSKAIA STREET Goal-directed thought Awareness of “own responses as new stimuli”

6. perezhivanie‘lived through’ V S Experiences contribute to internal state of actor ↓ ↓ External theatrical character realised and spontaneously recreated Experiences internalised and understood ↓ ↓ (Children) make meaning of social existence & act upon the world Investigating the motivation and interpretation of human behaviour...

8. Dramatic tensions Emotional experiences Shared space Communicative tools Social networks New perspectives

9. ‘Fictional’ ‘Real’ ‘Meta’

10. TOOLS SUBJECT GOAL RULES COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITIES

11. Vygotsky died in 1934 of tuberculosis, aged 37. Though premature, his death perhaps saved him from a worse fate at the hands of the authorities.

12. Stanislavski prepared to hand over the Moscow Art Theatre to his former pupil Meyerhold, who was unemployed and under great threat. Stanislavski died in 1938, aged 74.

13. But that year, Meyerhold • the surviving link between these two men, as a former student of Stanislavski and teacher to Zaporozhets, a student of Vygotsky, • - was himself arrested, tortured, and shot.

14. Stanislavski’s writings were translated into English in the 1930s and have formed a significant part of actor training in the West ever since. Vygotsky’s‘Thought and Language’ was first published in Russian in 1936, two years after his death. It was not until 1962 that it was first published in English and his ideas became widespread in the field of education.

18. ...The experience of the actor, his emotions, appear not as functions of his personal mental life, but as a phenomenon that has an objective, social sense and significance that serves as a transitional stage from psychology to ideology. Lev Vygotsky, 1932 ‘On the Problem of the Psychology of the Actor’s Creative Work’