One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich

One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich Alexander Solzhenitsyn

Alexander Solzhenitsyn 1918-2008, (shown here in his own Gulag uniform) http://www.flickr.com/photos/opendemocracy/2734628957/sizes/m/in/photostream/

Book Review, H. E. Salisbury, New York Times, January, 1963 Suddenly, in Moscow, it would appear, everyone wants to write about life in the Stalin concentration camps. The reason for this is a rather short, sparsely told, eloquent, explosive, work by Alexander Solzhenitsyn which today reaches the American public in English translation... Solzhenitsyn has written no mere propagandistic expose. He has created a small, almost flawless classic employing the eloquence of reticence and understatement in a manner which even the fumbling of hurried translation cannot obscure... This quiet tale has struck a powerful blow against the return of the horrors of the Stalin system. For Solzhenitsyn's words burn like acid.

‘The hammer banged reveille on the rail outside camp HQ at five o’clock as always. Time to get up. The ragged noise was muffled by ice two fingers thick on the windows and soon died away. Too cold for the warder to go on hammering... Shukhov never overslept. He was always up at the call. That way he had an hour and a half all to himself before work parade – time for a man who knew his way around to earn a bit on the side. He could stitch covers for somebody’s mittens from a piece of old lining. Take some rich foreman his felt boots while he was still in his bunk... Rush round the storerooms looking for odd jobs – sweeping up or running errands.’ p 1

‘They went into the HQ hut and straight through to the warder’s room. It was just as Shukhov had guessed on the way. He wasn’t bound for the hole – it was just that the floor of the warders’ room needed washing... Washing the floor was a job for the hut orderly, a zek who wasn’t sent out to work. But he had made himself so much at home in the HQ hut that he had access to the offices of the major, the disciplinary officer and the godfather, made himself useful to them, heard a few things even the warders did not know, so for some time now he’d regarded cleaning floors for mere warders as demeaning. They’d sent for him a time or two, then realized how things stood and started ‘pulling’ one or another of the working prisoners to clean the floor.’ pp 6-7

‘Shukhov had seen all sorts of arrangements about footwear during his eight years here...But this time round things had worked out pretty well. Last October he’d tagged along to the clothing store with the deputy foreman and got hold of a pair of stout shoes with hard toecaps and room for two warm footrags in each. He’d walked around for a whole week as though it was his birthday, making a clatter with his new heels. Then in December felt boots had turned up as well: life was a bed of roses, no need to die just yet. →→→

So some fiend in the accounts office had whispered in the big man’s ear: let them have the boots, but only if they hand their shoes in: it’s against the rules for a zek to have two pairs at once... he’d never missed anything so much in all those eight years. • The shoes were all tossed on one big pile – no hope of getting your own pair back when spring came. It was just like the time when they rounded everybody’s horses up for the kolkhoz’. • pp 8-9

‘Since he’d been in the camps Shukhov had thought many a time of the food they used to eat in the village – whole frying pans full of potatoes, porridge by the cauldron, and, in the days before the kolkhoz, great hefty lumps of meat. Milk they used to lap up till their bellies were bursting. But he knew better now he’d been inside. He’d learnt to keep his whole mind on the food he was eating. Like now he was taking tiny little nibbles of bread, softening it with his tongue, and drawing in his cheeks as he sucked it. Dry black bread it was, but like that nothing could be tastier. ‘ pp 39-40

‘A quiet fellow, SenkaKlevshin. One of the poor devil’s ear drums had burst back in ’41. Then he’d landed in a POW camp. Ran away three times. They’d caught up with him every time, and finally stuck him in Buchenwald. He’d escaped death by some miracle, and now he was serving his time quietly. Kick up a fuss, he said, and you’re done for. He was right there. Best to grin and bear it. Dig in your heals and they’ll break you in two.’ pp 41-42

‘According to his dossier Shukhov was in for treason. He’d admitted it under investigation – yes he had surrendered in order to betray his country, and returned from POW camp to carry out a mission for German intelligence. What the mission could be neither Shukhov nor his interrogator could imagine. They left it at that – just ‘a mission’. The counter-espionage boys had beaten the hell out of him. The choice was simple enough: don’t sign and wear a wooden overcoat, or sign and live a bit longer. He signed.’ p 56

‘“I was scared even of the battalion commander, and this was the CO. ‘Private Turin, reporting for orders, ‘ I say. He fixes me with a stare from under his shaggy eyebrows and says ‘Name and patronymic?’ I tell him. ‘Year of birth?’ I tell him. Well, what was I in 1930, I was all of twenty two, just a pup. ‘And who are you here to serve, Tyurin?’ ‘I serve the toiling people.’ He boils over and bangs the desk with both hands. ‘The toiling people! And what do you call yourself, you rotter?’ →→→

It was like I’d swallowed something scalding. ‘Machine gunner, first class,’ I say. ‘Passed out with distinction in military and political subjects,’ ‘First class you vermin. Your father’s a kulak! See this document – it’s just come in from Kamen. You made yourself scarce because your father’s a kulak. They’ve been after you for two years.’ I turned pale and said nothing’ pp 71-72

‘“I met my old platoon commander in the Kotlas transit prison in ’38, they’d slapped a tenner on him as well and he told me the CO and the political commissar had both been shot in ’37. Proletarians or kulaks, it made no difference in ’37. Or whether or not they had a conscience... I crossed myself and said: ’So you’re up there in heaven after all, Lord. You are slow to anger but you hit hard.”’ pp 72-73

‘“How do you come to know so much about life in the British navy?” somebody in the next rank was asking. “Well, it’s like this, I spent nearly a month on a British cruiser, had my own cabin. I was liaison officer with one of their convoys.” “That explains everything. Quite enough for them to pin twenty-five on you.” “Sorry, I don’t go along with all that destructive liberal criticism. I think better of our legal system... Only after the war the British admiral took it into his blasted head to send me a souvenir, a token of gratitude, he called it. What a nasty surprise, and how I cursed him for it!”’ p 104

‘Whatever they’d been talking or thinking about was forgotten. The whole column had one thing and one thing only on its mind. “Catch them up! Beat them to it!” Things were all mixed up. No more sweet or sour. No more guard or zek. Guards and zeks were friends. The other column was the enemy. Their spirits rose. Their anger vanished... Half running, they passed the new recreation centre, the free workers’ houses, the woodworking plant, and pushed on to the turn towards the guard house. →→→

“Hoo-oo-oo-oo-oo!” the column cried with a single voice. • That road junction was their goal. The engineers, a hundred and fifty metres to the right, had fallen behind. They could take it easy now. • The whole column rejoiced. Like rabbits finding that frogs, say, are afraid even of them. • And there it was – the camp. Just as they had left it.’ • pp 106-107

‘“Undo your jackets! Undo your jerkins!” Warder’s arms wide open. Ready to embrace – and frisk. Ready to slap each man’s sides. Same as in the morning, more or less. Unbuttoning wasn’t too terrible now they were nearly home. Yes – that’s what they all called it, “Home”. Their days were too full to remember any other home.’ pp 108-109

‘Lost in thought he no longer heard Alyoshka’s muttering. “Anyway,” he concluded, “pray as much as you like, they won’t knock anything off your sentence. You’ll serve your time from bell to bell whatever happens.” Alyoshka was horrified. “That’s just the sort of thing you shouldn’t pray for! What good is freedom to you? If you’re free your faith will soon be choked by thorns! Be glad you’re in prison. Here you have time to think about your soul. Remember what the Apostle Paul says: What are you doing, weeping and breaking my heart? For I am ready not only to be imprisoned but even to die in Jerusalem for the name of Lord Jesus.” →→→

Shukhov stare at the ceiling and said nothing. He no longer knew whether he wanted to be free or not. • To begin with he’d wanted it very much, and totted up every evening how many days he still had to serve. Then he’d got fed up with it. • And still later it had gradually dawn on him that people like himself were not allowed to go home but packed off into exile. And there was no knowing where the living was easier- here or there’. • pp 146-147

‘Shukhov felt pleased with life as he went to sleep. A lot of good things had happened that day. He hadn’t been thrown in the hole. The gang hadn’t been dragged off to Sotsgorodok. He’d swiped the extra gruel at dinner time. The foreman had got a good rate for the job. He’d enjoyed working on the wall. He hadn’t been caught with the blade at the search point. He’d earned a bit from Tsezar that evening. And he’d bought his tobacco. The end of an unclouded day. Almost a happy one. Just one of the three thousand six hundred and fifty-three days of his sentence, from bell to bell. The extra three were for leap years.’ pp 150-151

One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich