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Energy Review

Energy Review . 1. Approximate efficiency of an average coal-fired power plant. 30% 2. Approximate percentage of all commercial energy used in the United States that is wasted . 40% 3. Approximate percentage of electrical energy converted to heat in the average incandescent light bulb 5%

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Energy Review

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  1. Energy Review

  2. 1. Approximate efficiency of an average coal-fired power plant. • 30% • 2. Approximate percentage of all commercial energy used in the United States that is wasted. • 40% • 3. Approximate percentage of electrical energy converted to heat in the average incandescent light bulb • 5% • 4. The maximum efficiency possible in an energy-conversion process that is NOT limited by the second law of thermodynamics. • 100%

  3. which supplies the most commercial energy in the world today? • Oil (39%)

  4. Negative VS Positive Feedback Loop • Positive feedback says, "Gi'me more o' the same." • Negative feedback says, "That's too much; go the other way."

  5. What does Cogeneration mean • the use of a heat engine or a power station to simultaneously generate both electricity and useful heat.

  6. Cells that convert solar energy directly into electricity are called what? • Photovoltaic

  7. What can geothermal energy be used for? • Producing high –temperature heat for industry • Heating homes • Producing electricity

  8. What are the laws of thermodynamics? • Energy is neither created nor destroyed, it only changes forms • Energy can and will eventually reach an equilibrium

  9. Advantages of Solar Energy, Ocean thermal energy, and wind farms • Solar Energy: • Limitless supply • Little environmental impact • Good for remote locations • Ocean Thermal Energy • Moderate energy yield • Limitless and reliable source if managed properly • Little air pollution • Competitive cost • Wind Farms • Can be built quickly • Maintenance is low • Moderate to high energy yield • No air pollution • Land underneath can be used for agriculture

  10. What is gasohol • a blend of 10 percent ethanol and 90 percent gasoline. • Its primary intention is to reduce the consumption (import) of gasoline.

  11. What side of your home would you want to put solar panels? • No matter where you are on earth, the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. In the northern hemisphere the sun tracks more to the south that is why positions of panels and windows to the south take advantage of the sun the best.

  12. What are the hidden costs associated with gasoline • Environmental, health, and social costs • Pollution cleanup • Government subsidies and tax breaks for oil companies • Military protection of oil supplies in the Middle East

  13. What supplies most of the U.S. energy today? • Petroleum (Oil)

  14. How long do we have before oil reserves run out • 40-90 years

  15. Disadvantages to Hydroelectric plants? • Displace many people • Destroy wildlife habitats • Sedimentation requires dredging • Expensive to build • Destroys wild rivers

  16. Natural gas has a_____net useful energy yield and is a ____ fuel compared to coal • High net useful energy and is a cleaner fuel compared to coal

  17. How much commercial energy do we waste yearly? (%) • 43%

  18. Describe the global distribution of coal • The United States, the former Soviet Union, and China together contain 50% of proven reserves.

  19. Which nonrenewable fuel burns cleanest? • Natural Gas

  20. If we drilled in Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR)… how long would it last? • 7-24 Months

  21. Micro power Systems • a way of transmitting electricity via microwaves

  22. Efficiencies • steam turbine-45% • fuel cell- 60% • fluorescent light- 20% • incandescent light- 5% • internal combustion engine- 10% • Human body- 20-25% • Hydrogen fuel cell- 40-60% • Wind turbine- 80% • Hydropower- 85-90% • Solar- 15%

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