Cell Energy Review

1. Cell Energy Review

2. Describe the general chemical equation for photosynthesis. • H2O+CO2—lightC6H12O6+O2

3. Describe the chemical equation for cellular respiration. • C6H12O6+O2ATP+CO2

4. The reactants of photosynthesis are… • Water and carbon dioxide

5. The products of photosynthesis are… • Glucose and oxygen

6. What are the reactants of cellular respiration? • Sugar and oxygen

7. What are the products of cellular respiration? • ATP and carbon dioxide

8. What is the site of photosynthesis? • Chloroplast of plant cells

9. What is the site of cellular respiration? • mitochondria

10. What is synthesized during photosynthesis? • glucose

11. What does selectively permeable mean when referring to the cell membrane? • It will allow some molecules to pass freely across but exclude other molecules.

12. When a solution has a higher concentration of solute it is called… • hypertonic

13. When a solution is lower concentration it is called… • hypotonic

14. When solute concentrations are equal on either side of a membrane it is called… • isotonic

15. A cell is sitting in a hypertonic solution. If osmosis occurs what will happen to the cell? • It will shrink as it loses water.

16. A cell is sitting in a hypotonic solution. When osmosis occurs what will happen to the cell? • It will swell as water diffuses into the cell.

17. What is the endosymbiotic theory? • It theorizes that eukaryotic animal and plant cells evolved when prokaryotic cells colonized larger prokaryotic cells.

18. List two example of active transport. • Sodium potassium pump- molecules are pumped across a membrane against the concentration gradient by transport proteins. • Endocytosis- molecules are engulfed and carried across a membrane against a concentration gradient.

19. What is the difference between active and passive transport? • Passive transport does not require energy and is the movement of molecules with the concentration gradient (from high to low concentration). • Active transport requires energy and is movement against the concentration gradient (from low concentration to high concentration).

20. Describe 3 types of passive transport • Diffusion- movement of solute molecules from a high to a low concentration. • Facillitated diffusion- movement of solute molecules from high to low concentration with the help of a carrier protein. • Osmosis- movement of water molecules from low to high solute concentration.

21. Describe the parts of a solution. • Solvent- the liquid part of a solution. • Solute- the solid that is dissolved into the liquid.

22. List the metabolic pathways that cells use to produce energy. • Cellular respiration- produces energy aerobically (using oxygen). • Glycolysis- the beginning stage of cellular respiration. • Fermentation- produces energy anaerobically (without using oxygen).

23. Explain why lactic acid fermentation occurs. • As muscles are put under stress they cannot obtain enough oxygen to power cellular respiration so they switch to fermentation producing lactate as a by product. The buildup of lactate causes muscles to get sore.

24. During cellular respiration and photosynthesis, ATP is produced using… • An electron transport chain.

25. Describe how plant cells differ from animal cells. • Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplast.

26. What do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in common? • DNA • Cytoplasm • Cell membrane • Ribosomes

27. What is the function of ATP? • To provide energy for cellular functions.