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Bio 10: Intro to Biology Instructor: Paul Nagami Laney College

Structure and Function of Cells, Part 1. Bio 10: Intro to Biology Instructor: Paul Nagami Laney College. Sept. 11 , 2013. Agenda. Administrative Stuff The Cell as a Bag Membranes The Nucleus The Transport System Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Vesicles Lysosomes Cytoskeleton

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Bio 10: Intro to Biology Instructor: Paul Nagami Laney College

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  1. Structure and Function of Cells, Part 1 Bio 10: Intro to BiologyInstructor: Paul NagamiLaney College Sept. 11, 2013

  2. Agenda • Administrative Stuff • The Cell as a Bag • Membranes • The Nucleus • The Transport System • Endoplasmic Reticulum • Golgi Apparatus • Vesicles • Lysosomes • Cytoskeleton • Wrap-up

  3. Index Card: Make a Guess! Which of the following do allliving cells have? The answer may be more than one of them! A) A cell membrane B) Mitochondria C) A nucleus D) DNA and RNA E) Proteins

  4. The Cell: A Biological Bag Cells are lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates in a bag, or plasma membrane!

  5. Prokaryotes: Bags of Cytoplasm Parts that we share with prokaryotes (bacteria) Parts that bacteria have, but we don’t. (We may have similar parts, though.)

  6. Eukaryotes: Bags with More Bags Inside!

  7. Organelles: Bags with Functions Bacteria don’t have organelles… so why do we need them? Write a guess on your index card.

  8. What’s the Bag Made of? Remember fatty lipids? Cell membranes are similar! Which end is hydrophilic?

  9. Two layers of lipids! Phospholipidbilayer + x 2 layers! Proteins can act as channels, signal receivers, and so on!

  10. The Nucleus: A Bag of Chromosomes The control center of eukaryotic cells – holds the DNA. Eukaryotic = having a nucleus and organelles The nucleus is directly connected to lots of other bags inside the cell!

  11. Two Ideas… “A cell in your stomach has the same DNA and chromosomes as a cell in your brain.” “A cell in your stomach has different DNA and chromosomes from a cell in your brain. Which is true? Write a guess on your card.

  12. It’s All the Same DNA! A chromosome is a package of DNA wrapped around proteins. All human cells (except sex cells) have 46 chromosomes in the nucleus! Chromatin = fiber made of DNA + protein.

  13. Why Cells Are Different from Each Other The Central Dogma of Biology: DNA makes RNA makes protein Different nuclei in your body have the same DNA, but make different RNA, which makes different proteins!

  14. The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): The Crumpled Bag that Connects Parts of the Cell Rough ER: Has ribosomesthat translate RNA into protein Smooth ER: Has proteins (enzymes) that make lipids and detoxify poisons

  15. Vesicles, Lysosomes, and Vacuoles: More Bags Lysosomes: Bags of acid and digestive enzymes Transport vesicles: Bags to move molecules around Vacuoles: Big bags for storage or water pumping.

  16. The Golgi Apparatus: A Shipping and Receiving Center for Bags

  17. Review of the “endomembrane system” (i.e., the bags)

  18. The Cytoskeleton Helps Support and Moves the Bags Made of many kinds of fiber! Example: Microtubules (marked in yellow) act as a kind of “cellular railroad.”

  19. Review

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