I5180 Context-Aware Computing

1. I5180Context-Aware Computing Introduction

2. Overview Living in a Digital World  Modelling the Key Ubiquitous Computing Properties Course Outline

3. Layers of a Computing System 4

4. Evolution of HCI “interfaces” • 50s - Interface at the hardware level for engineers - switch panels • 60-70s - interface at the programming level - COBOL, FORTRAN • 70-90s - Interface at the terminal level - command languages • 80s - Interface at the interaction dialogue level - GUIs, multimedia • 90s - Interface at the work setting - networked systems, groupware • 00s - Interface becomes pervasive • RF tags, Bluetooth technology, mobile devices, consumer electronics, interactive screens, embedded technology

5. NewBreedofApplications ActiveBadges Context-AwarePillBottle

6. TheRoot

7. Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) A vision for computing to: • Enable computer-based services to be made available everywhere (Ubiquitous) • Support intuitive human usage • But yet, appear to be invisible to the user. • Also referred to as pervasive computing etc

8. Living in an Increasingly Digital, Interconnected World What are the current technology trends in UbiComp?

9. Trend: smaller, higher resource devices Ear/microphone Communicator Display AV-recorder

10. Trend: Weiser’s 3 waves of computing Ubiquitous computing: smart devices, environments and interaction

11. Living in an Increasingly Digital, Interconnected World What will the future be like?

12. Scenarios 4 scenarios illustrate a range of benefits and challenges of ubiquitous computing: Personal memories 21st Century Scheduled Transport Service Foodstuff management Utility regulation N.B. many other scenarios & applications given later

13. Personal Memories Scenario

14. Personal Memories Scenario How can we enhance the personal memories service using UbiComp?

15. 21st Century Scheduled Transport Service Scenario

16. 21st Century Scheduled Transport Service How can we enhance the transport service using UbiComp?

17. Foodstuff Management Scenario Select food from store, get & transform food into a meal Consume food Put in home store Select & Buy food at physical or virtual market Transport food to home store

18. Foodstuff Management Scenario How can UbiComp enhance the foodstuff management scenario?

19. Utility Regulation Scenario

20. Utility Regulation Scenario How can UbiComp enhance the Utility Regulation scenario?

21. UbiComp System Design For these scenarios • Which system designs should be used for: • comms., data storage, processing, sensing, control etc • How to model system - physical world interaction? • How to model human computer system interaction?

22. Past Super Distribution I like… Resource Please give me… Java -Context-aware -Resource distributed -Logic-aware -Resource centered Are the clients satisfied? Servants for human and society. Source: after “Context-Aware & Yet Another service”Hiromitsu Kato, UbiCompp2002 Systems Development Lab. Hitachi, Ltd.

23. artist: T. J. Pickell of AT&T Labs

26. 台灣設計師週2009: 交杯、泡泡杯、獨飲不寂寥，引、飲、癮

27. Overview Living in a Digital World Modelling the Key Ubiquitous Computing Properties Course Outline

28. UbiComp: Different Combinations of Core Properties versus a Single Definition No single, absolute definition for ubiquitous computing. Instead propose many different kinds of UbiComp based upon combining different sets of core properties What core system properties would you propose to define ubiquitous computing?

29. UbiComp: Weiser’s 3 Internal System Properties 3 main properties for UbiComp Systems were proposed by Weiser (1991) • Computers need to be networked, distributed and transparently accessible • In1991, little wireless computing, Internet far less pervasive • Computer Interaction with Humans needs to be more hidden • Because much HCI is overly intrusive • Computers need to be aware of environment context • In order to optimise their operation in their physical & human environment.

30. Devices: Extended set of Internal System Properties To which two additional properties are added: Computers can operate autonomously, without human intervention, be self-governed Computers can handle a multiplicity of dynamic actions and interactions, governed by intelligent decision-making and intelligent organisational interaction. This entails some form of artificial intelligence.

31. UbiComp: Different Combinations of Core Properties versus a Single Definition • No single, absolute definition for ubiquitous computing. • Instead propose many different kinds of UbiComp based upon combining different sets of core properties Here are some examples proposed by others • Weiser (1991): distributed, iHCI, physical environment context aware • Ambient Intelligence (AmI), similar to UbiComp - intelligence everywhere? • Arts and Marzano (2003) define 5 key features for AmI to be embedded, context-aware, personalised, adaptive and anticipatory. • Buxton (1995): ubiquity and transparency • Endres et al. (2005): distributed mobile, intelligence, augmented reality • Millner (2006): autonomy, IHCI • … Exercise: Do your own survey of UbiComp definitions and highlight the properties they define.

32. Overview Living in a Digital World Modelling the Key Ubiquitous Computing Properties Course Outline

33. Course objective and format (1/3) This is mainly a graduate level, research oriented course Go through a light-weight research cycle within one term Collaborative and active learning - students and faculties

34. Course objective and format (2/3) • Training in technical paper reading and critical thinking • Paper reading • Define problems and challenges • Understand state-of-art techniques and solutions • Identify limitations of state-of-art solutions • Paper presentation and discussion • “Project idea presentation” • 3 ~ 5 papers on a specific topic/week • 15mins for paper presentation • 10mins for paper discussion

35. Course objective and format (3/3) For each lecture • Identify new terms & concepts • Apply new terms and concepts: define, use in old and new situations & problems • Debate problems, challenges and solutions • Doexercises

36. What more can you get? • Develop your own belief in technology trend • Learn research experiences • Scenario, problem definition, related work survey, design & implementation, evaluation, etc. • Reading, writing, and presentation skills Adopt from Hao-Hua Chu’s Teaching Experience Sharing in Ubiquitous Computing Course

37. My role in this course • Facilitate your learning • will not presume to “teach” you everything • you will learn mostly by reading, thinking, listening to and challenging your fellow classmates • Help you consume papers • Try best to help stimulate critical thinking • Help you formthe base for future research in this area

38. How to “consume” and “attack” a paper? (1/2) • For each paper, try to answer the following questions: • What is the problem? • What is the most up-to-date solutions? • What is the key (new) method and technique? • What is good or bad about this method? • What has actually been done? Adopt from Hao-Hua Chu’s Teaching Experience Sharing in Ubiquitous Computing Course

39. How to “consume” and “attack” a paper? (2/2) • Challenge what you read • Are assumptions reasonable? • Is the method similar to other methods in related work? • Is the improvement marginal or significant? • Are arguments logically sound? • Are evaluation metrics reasonable?

40. Project Component • Rapid research prototype of an UbiComp application in one semester. • The project ideas come from take-home or in-class exercises. • Push you to do some research • Find a fit with your current research • Learn some team work

41. Define motivation scenario (an interesting story) Emphasize the parts of scenario where it is currently not possible, but with your idea, it will become possible. Show me a proof-of-concept demo prototype Survey related work Design Differentiate your work from related work What’s new? Why is it significant? Rapid prototype implementation Evaluation of prototype implementation Define evaluation metrics Experiments & user studies Shoot a video & write a report Lifecycle of a Research Project

42. Project Phases • Phase 1: project idea presentation (4 weeks) • Fun, realizable within one semester time framework and computing equipments, has a research component. • [Scenario] • Phase 2: project proposal document (4 weeks) • Form teams, define goals, plan, and needed equipments. • [Problems, related work, and design] • Phase 3: progress checkpoint (4 weeks) • [Preliminary prototype, evaluation metrics] • Phase 4: project working prototype and final report (4 weeks) • Working prototype demonstration

43. Toys for your projects • Embeddedsystems • Sensors: light, tilt, temperature, accelerometer, pressure, weight, orientation, ultrasound, etc. • Smart phones • Pads • VideoCams • Multi-touchDisplays • Projectors • Use your imagination • Anything you can find on the Internet or from your own lab … • However, budget may be limited

44. Syllabus UbiComp: Basics and Vision Smart Objects AmbientDisplay TangibleInteraction Context-Awareness DesignBasics ArchitecturalDesignforUbiCompSystems

45. Reading Lists CHI’05~10 conference proceedings . The Design of Everyday Things Emotional Design: Why We Love (or Hate) Everyday Things The Design of Future Things The Laws of Simplicity (Simplicity: Design, Technology, Business, Life) Interaction Design: Beyond Human-Computer Interaction

46. Tentative Textbooks Ubiquitous Computing – Smart Devices, Environments, and Interactions, Stefan Poslad, 2009, Wiley, ISBN: 978-0-470-03560-3 Context-Aware Pervasive Systems: Architectures for a New Breed of Applications, Seng Loke, 2006, Auerbach, ISBN: 978-0849372551

47. Grading • Class Participation (30 %) • Project (70 %)

48. Course Requirements • Class attendance (MUST!) • Please don’t register if you are going to miss many classes. • Must be able to talk & exchange ideas with others • Creativity • Good programming skill • Willing to learn hardware/software skills (by yourself) • Willing to spend extra time & efforts than what a regular course would need

49. Course webpage TBA

50. Still interested in this course?