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An Overview of Context-Aware Computing Research

An Overview of Context-Aware Computing Research. Kevin Cheng Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica kevinc@iis.sinica.edu.tw http://www.iis.sinica.edu.tw/~kevinc. What Is HCI All About?. HCI is the abbreviation for “Human-Computer Interaction”

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An Overview of Context-Aware Computing Research

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  1. An Overview of Context-Aware Computing Research Kevin Cheng Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica kevinc@iis.sinica.edu.tw http://www.iis.sinica.edu.tw/~kevinc

  2. What Is HCI All About? • HCI is the abbreviation for “Human-Computer Interaction” • HCI is fundamentally about envisioning and facilitating new ways of doing things and discover new things to do.

  3. Trends ShapingHuman-Computer Interaction • Advances in mobile computing, sensor, and wireless communication technologies. • Computing beyond the desktop and immerse in diverse physical environments. - Need to be aware of who, where, and what around them - Need to adapt to variations in the immediate execution environment (i.e. network bandwidth, battery power, device capabilities, and etc.) Infrared (i.e. IrDA) Radio Frequency (i.e. 802.11, Bluetooth)

  4. The New Black Box Application Output Input Current state of the user, physical and digital environment, etc. Context

  5. Claimed Benefits ofContext-Aware Computing • Minimize input explicitly provided by the user. • Adapt to the user’s information needs without consuming too much attention. • Ease of use at one hand and decrease information overload on the other. More responsive to the user’s tasks

  6. “Defining” Context • Context is the influences and events that helped cause a particular event or situation to happen. - Cambridge International Dictionary of English • Implicit vs. Explicit input • Context is any information that can be used to characterize the situation of an entity. An entity is a person, place, or object that is considered relevant to the interaction between a user and an application, including the user and applications themselves. - Anind K Dey and Gregory Abowd

  7. Conceptual View ofContext-Aware Application

  8. The Relationships between Different Types ofContext-Aware Systems Location Sensing Systems Environment Sensing Systems 1 4 3 2 Location Disclosing Systems

  9. Glasgow Context Server (GCS) • Anyone who is more interested in the development and evaluation of novel interaction techniques than they are in the underlying technologies. • Low cost and off-the-shelf building blocks • Adaptable architecture to different types of context-sensing Department of Computing Science University of Glasgow, UK

  10. GCS Architecture

  11. Location-Disclosing

  12. Environment-Sensing

  13. Off-Line Support E Update process begins here A D B Cell 2 Cell 1 C Cache process begins here

  14. GCS Software Architecture

  15. GCS Application: Virtual Notelet Metaphor

  16. Virtual Notelet

  17. GCS Application:Mapview Shopping Assistant

  18. GCS Application: Ghost Game • Based on Namco’s arcade game Pac-Man. • Hypothesised that a location sensitive game might avoid some of the motivational problems that emerged during our evaluation of the previous system. • Interface to the game is base upon a plan of the building where it is to be played. • Reveal interesting human factor issues

  19. Ongoing Research Goals • Robust design process • Architectural support → Middleware • Evaluation

  20. Challenges Faced in Designing Context-Aware Computing Systems • Not enough knowledge about where to find contextual information. • How to exploit context information in the operation of the device.

  21. Preliminary Essence of Context-Aware Systems • Part of the user tasks has to be transferred to the system's responsibility. • Systemsmust have similar or better sensitivity than the user. • Systems (or the designer of the systems) must know the probable behavior of the user. Approaches

  22. Scenario-Based Design Starting state for the described episode Changes in the current state of the setting Who is/are the scenario about? Changes that actors wish to achieve in the Current state of the setting Things the actors do

  23. Finding “Context” • Task-centered design process. • Task analysis techniques (i.e. Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)) - Tasks transferred from the user to the system. - Identify input to the system.

  24. Common Agreements on Context-Aware Software Architecture

  25. Physical vs. Digital Space • Model of representing physical world in the digital space. • Web presence. • Instant Messaging presence.

  26. Preliminary Architecture Layers

  27. Iceberg Model

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