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The Renaissance

The Renaissance. The Italian Renaissance. Renaissance-French in origin-Meaning Rebirth. Emerged in Italy because of economic growth and governmental factors. Trade flourished here-ramification of the Crusades. Italian city-states had maintained political independence.

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The Renaissance

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  1. The Renaissance

  2. The Italian Renaissance • Renaissance-French in origin-Meaning Rebirth. • Emerged in Italy because of economic growth and governmental factors. • Trade flourished here-ramification of the Crusades. • Italian city-states had maintained political independence.

  3. Italy is closely attached to the classical traditions of Greece and Rome. • Interest in the classics was labeled humanism. • Scholars who pursued this-humanists. • The very philosophy of life changed • Seek fulfillment in daily living rather than merely the afterlife. • Emphasis on the individual.

  4. HUMANISM • Humanities – history/philosophy • Emphasis upon becoming a “well rounded person” with a variety of interests-art, music, sports, literature, and politics. • Today’s education based on this philosophy.

  5. Humanist Writers • Petrarch—Sonnet—14 lines-unrequited love. • Cellini– Autobiography. • Machavelli—The Prince– End justifies the means.

  6. Italian City-States • Because Italy resisted feudalism and control of the emperor a social order emerged in which wealth and ability was valued over titles and land ownership. • City-States are governed by wealthy families.

  7. Leading City-States • Florence: birthplace of Italian Renaissance • Wealth in textile industry. • Medici’s made their money in banking—patrons of the arts. • Instituted a graduated income tax • Medici rule was for a time interrupted by an uprising led by a Dominican friar: Girolamo Savonarola. • Savanorola strict regulation of public behavior soon aroused public opposition.

  8. Rome and Venice • Rome: Pope and cardinals comprise wealthiest class. Replaces Florence as leading city- state • St. Peter’s Basilica (largest Christian church in the world) • Venice: By late 1500’s assume leadership of the Renaissance. • Dominates trade with Asia • Governed by a Republic

  9. Venice • Republic headed by a Doge (Duke) • The council of ten (wealthiest merchants) had the real political power. • Revenue generated via tariffs. • Artists flocked to this commercial center. • Artists emphasized realism and secular activities, Human Emotions.

  10. Architecture returns to classical style • Italian Renaissance • Brunelleschi • Created the Cathedral of Florence • Play Video

  11. Sculptors • Donatello • 1st to cast in bronze since the ancients. • Michelangelo • Statue of David • Ghiberti • 10 magnificent New Testament Scenes

  12. Painting • Realistic • Emphasizing Human Emotions • DaVinci

  13. DaVinci DAVINCI

  14. Michelangelo-Sistine ChapelChrist giving the key to St. Peter

  15. The Renaissance filters to the North France England Netherlands

  16. The Northern Renaissance • Spread of the Renaissance to Northern Countries • War Spreads it 1494 France invades Italy • King Frances I becomes fascinated w/Italian Renaissance fashion and art.

  17. Brings Leonardo Da Vinci and others to France • Other rulers in North follow –bring humanists to their country

  18. Spread of Renaissance Cont. • Traders New found wealth amongst the Northern merchants begin to spend money on (values) education, arts, fine goods and expensive housing. • Travel • To Italy to study w/Italian masters

  19. Newly educated middle classknowledge among middle class aided by the invention of the printing press.

  20. Printing press • Johannes Gutenberg • About 1440 German metal worker • Used moveable type • Result: publish books more quickly and less expensive

  21. Northern Scholars adapt Italian Renaissance to fit better their needs.

  22. The French Renaissance Unique-blended French medieval Gothic with the classical columns used by Italian architects to create the Chateaux (castles) Francis I and Nobles built large country estates.

  23. Chateaux

  24. French Writers • Pierre Ronsard-own sonnets inspired by Petrarch. Wrote on love, passing youth and immortality

  25. Michel de Montaigne • Autobiography • Personal Essay • Short Phrase composition • Express clearly personal view • Disadvantage of royalty—”A heavy burden to be a king.”

  26. Francois Rabelais (RA-buh-lay) • Most popular of French authors • Wrote on many topics-themes were of rejecting Middle Ages focus on the after life. • People should enjoy life to the fullest • Wrote on law, medicine, politics, theology & navigation

  27. Northern Europe

  28. Germany • Accepted Italian Renaissance • Universities and schools promoted the humanist learning • Latin still the scholarly language (increase in German and Dutch)

  29. Christian Humanism • More religious tone • Wanted reform in the Catholic Church • Believed that humanist learning and Bible study were the best way to promote these goals

  30. Most Famous Christian Humanist • Desiderius (Dez-ih-deer-ee-us) Erasmus • Inspired colleagues to study Greek and Hebrew • Can understand older versions of the Bible. • Take a more critical view of the Catholic Church.

  31. He attacked the extravagances of the Renaissance Popes. • Noted work, “The Praise of Folly” • Describes these popes as no longer practiced Christians.

  32. Quote from Erasmus: “Scarce any kind of men live more devoted to pleasure or with less troubles…To work miracles is…not in fashion now;to instruct the people, troublesome; to interpret scripture; to pray, a sign one has little else to do…”

  33. Play Video

  34. Northern European Painters • Their style relies more on Medieval than classical models • 1400’s Flemish painters Jan & Hubert Eyck (EYEK) painted scenes from the Bible and daily life in sharp realistic detail

  35. Developed Techniques Developed painting in oils Gives richer colors Soon spreads to Italy-oil painting technique

  36. Pieter Brueghal (Broy-gahl) • Combine Italian technique with artistic traditions of his homeland. • Paints realistic portraits, landscapes and scene from peasant life.

  37. The English Renaissance • Ideas of Renaissance did not spread to England until 1485---War of the Roses—ends • Henry VII invites Italian Renaissance scholars to England—Teach Humanism

  38. Thomas More-English Statesman • Writes “Utopia” in Latin • Criticizes today's society and compares it to a perfect society

  39. William Shakespeare • Drew ideas from Medieval Legends and classical mythology. • History of England, Denmark and Rome.

  40. Play video

  41. Christopher Marlowe Wrote on: humanistic qualities such as: Love, jealousy, ambition, and despair.

  42. Plays are still relevant today Still done.

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