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Phidgets™ programming framework

Phidgets™ programming framework. IAT 351 Week 8 Lecture/Lab 1 04.03.2008. summary :. traditional physical UI examples problems phidgets goals definition architecture API java API programming applications references bibliography programming resources.

kourtney-warren
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Phidgets™ programming framework

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  1. Phidgets™ programming framework IAT 351 Week 8 Lecture/Lab 1 04.03.2008

  2. summary : • traditional physical UI • examples • problems • phidgets • goals • definition • architecture • API • java API • programming • applications • references • bibliography • programming resources

  3. traditional physical UI :examples Walking pad (DIUF)

  4. traditional physical UI :examples Lego Mindstorms

  5. traditional physical UI :examples SmartHome

  6. Motivation • Pertaining to ubiquitous computing (ubicomp), two areas are relevant: • Context-aware computing • Tangible user interfaces

  7. What remains hard? • Sensing… • Actuation… • We’ll get back to how Phidgets address this

  8. What is Context? • Any information that can be used to characterize the situation of an entity • Who, what, where, when • Why is it important? • information, usually implicit, that applications do not have access to • It’s input that you don’t get in a GUI

  9. How to Use Context • To present relevant information to someone • Mobile tour guide • To perform an action automatically • Print to nearest printer • To show an action that use can choose • Want to phone the number in this email?

  10. Case Study: tour guides • Very popular theme • Location is an easy piece of context • G. Abowd et al. Cyberguide: A mobile context-aware tour guide. Balzer/ACM Wireless Networks, Vol. 3(5), 1997, pp. 421-433.

  11. Simple Example: In/Out Board

  12. In/Out Board Location Widget Location Widget ID to Name Interpreter Face Recognition Smart Card Reader Simple Example: In/Out Board

  13. Tangible User Interfaces • Hiroshi Ishii (MIT) • Tangible Bits • physical form to digital information • Tangible User Interfaces • physical objects, surfaces, and spaces that act as tangible embodiments of digital information

  14. Triangles • Pieces are connected together to trigger digital events • influence the progress of a non-linear story • organize media elements in order to create their own story space

  15. LumiTouch • Two interactive picture frames • User’s touching of a local frame translates to a glow on remote frame • She’s thinking of him • He’s thinking of her

  16. Tangible Video Browser • Tokens are used to: • Act as container for videos • Select a video • Navigate within the video

  17. What remains hard? • Well…everything according to the paper • While an exciting new area, everyday programmers still face considerable hurdles if they wish to create even simple physical user interfaces. Perhaps the biggest--but we believe easily solved---obstacle is the sheer difficulty of developing and combining physical devices and interfacing them to conventional programming languages.

  18. Why is this hard? • Steps • Acquisition • Representation • Interpretation • Storage • Delivery • Reaction • Most of these steps repeated in all development.

  19. Related Work • Tools for working with physical input/output devices • iRX Board • Digital I/O boards • Tini boards

  20. traditional physical UI :problems • Electronics (Difficult to write/debug w/o actual devices) • missing API • unsuited API (wrong abstraction level) • commercial target (oriented to different markets) • lack of simulation capabilities • Hard to build

  21. Goals • Simple so developers concentrate on overall use, modification, and recombination • Easy for average programmer

  22. phidgets :goals • simple devices • easy to program … just as widgets make GUIs easy to develop, so could phidgets make the new generation of physical user interfaces easy to develop.

  23. phidgets :definition • widget • (1931) small mechanical device • (today) ‘windows gadget’ • phidget (aka phydget) • ‘physical widget’

  24. phidgets :definition Phidgets™, or physical widgets, are building blocks that help a developer construct physical user interfaces.

  25. phidgets :architecture Phidget

  26. phidgets :architecture API Simulation Device Device manager

  27. phidgets :API actuator Phidget-specific properties, e.g. NumMotors Phidget-specific events, e.g. OnTag Specific phidget sensor DeviceType IsAttached SerialNumber Generic phidget Int Count Phidget[] Item OnAttach() OnDetach() OnError() Phidgets manager

  28. phidgets :java API

  29. phidgets :java API

  30. phidgets :programming (output) opens Phidget COM Object Device sets creates sets Application

  31. phidgets :programming (input) opens Phidget COM Object Device starts creates fire events reads Listener Application

  32. Handling the Phidget • 3 important basic events • ATTACH (USB connected) OnAttach(),attached() • DETACH (USB disconnected) OnDetach(),detached() • ERROR (help!) OnError(), error() • Standard Java approach of listeners and adapters • Specific events for each type of device • E.g. rfid.OnTag() for detecting an RFID tag in range

  33. phidgets :programming Extend adapter Implement OnEvent methods Create OS Object Attach Listener Open connection to device Start listening

  34. Basic listeners public class OpenIFKitExample { public static final void main(String args[]) throws Exception { InterfaceKitPhidget ik; System.out.println(Phidget.getLibraryVersion()); ik = new InterfaceKitPhidget(); ik.addAttachListener(new AttachListener() { public void attached(AttachEvent ae) { System.out.println("attachment of " + ae); } }); ik.addDetachListener(new DetachListener() { public void detached(DetachEvent ae) { System.out.println("detachment of " + ae); } }); ik.addErrorListener(new ErrorListener() { public void error(ErrorEvent ee) { System.out.println("error event for " + ee); } });

  35. IK listeners ik.addInputChangeListener(new InputChangeListener() { publicvoid inputChanged(InputChangeEvent oe) { System.out.println(oe); } }); ik.addOutputChangeListener(new OutputChangeListener() { publicvoid outputChanged(OutputChangeEvent oe) { System.out.println(oe); } }); ik.addSensorChangeListener(new SensorChangeListener() { publicvoid sensorChanged(SensorChangeEvent se) { System.out.println(se); } });

  36. Waits until a device is plugged in ik.openAny(); System.out.println("waiting for InterfaceKit attachment..."); ik.waitForAttachment(); System.out.println(ik.getDeviceName()); Thread.sleep(500); ik.getOutputCount() Ik.getSensorCount() ik.getOutputState(i); ik.setOutputState(i,<true/false>); Ik.getSensorRawValue(i) Ik.getSensorValue(i)

  37. Phidgets Requirement • Connection manager • ID • Simulation mode

  38. onAttach() onDetach() Count Item DeviceType isAttached() SerialNumber Phidget Manager

  39. Phidget Servo • MotorPosition • NumMotors • onPositionChanged()

  40. Attaching the interface kit // create the interface kit object InterfaceKitPhidget ik = new InterfaceKitPhidget(); // look for an attachment ik.openAny(); // don’t continue until an attachment is found ik.waitForAttachment();

  41. Digital Input • Use the wires to hook one of the switches up to a digital input and one of the grounds (on either end of the row) • The parameter is the index of the input • The result is a boolean (true for on, false for off) // read the value of input 3 ik.getInputState(3);

  42. Analog Input • Parameter is index of the device • The result is a value between 0 and around 1000 (I’m guessing the max is 1024) // get the value of the first analog device ik.getSensorValue(0);

  43. Digital Output • Boolean values are used to set the output • Each output has an index: 0 - 7 • The two slots at either end are grounds // sets output 2 to “high” ik.setOutputState(2, true);

  44. Ugly Java Stuff: Exceptions • Almost everything in the phidget package throws exceptions • Solution #1: add “throws Exception” at the end of every method signature, including the main method • Solution #2: wrap phidget calls in try/catch blocks

  45. Pausing in Java • If you want to pause execution of your program • The parameter is time in milliseconds // pause for 2 seconds Thread.sleep(2000);

  46. Drawbacks • Need PC • Not mobile • Not easy to deploy

  47. references :bibliography • Greenberg S. and Fitchet C., Phidgets : Easy developement of physical interfaces through physical widgets. Proceedings of the ACM UIST 2001 Symposium. • Greenberg S. and Boyle M., Customizable physical interfaces for interacting with conventional applications. Proceedings of the ACM UIST 2002 Symposium. • www.phidgets.com, www.phidgetsusa.com • www.wikipedia.org (phidget, widget) • www.smarthome.com, www.legomindstorms.com • Laroussi Bouguila, Evequoz Florian, Michèle Courant, Béat Hirsbrunner. Active Walking Interface for Human-Scale Virtual Environment. HCII’05.

  48. references:programming resources • documentation on www.phidgets.com : • C_API_Manual : basic architecture • http://phidgets.com/documentation/C_API_Manual.pdf • COM_API_Manual : object model (VB) • http://phidgets.com/documentation/COM_API_Manual.pdf • Javadoc : java API, quite similar to COM • http://phidgets.com/documentation/JavaDoc.zip • For each particular phidget see its « hardware description » : • Section labelled « Phidgets » on www.phidgets.com >> Documentation • software introduction and tutorials : • www.phidgets.com >> Documentation • http://www.phidgetsusa.com/tutorials/tutorialhome.asp • code examples : • www.phidgets.com >> Download >> Beta >> Examples.zip • www.phidgets.com >> Project / Examples

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