Drug Endangered Children and Drug Identification

1. Drug Endangered Childrenand Drug Identification

2. What is a drug endangered child? • A child who lives in a place with no heat • A child who smokes pot with his parents • A child left alone with no supervision • A child in need of medical attention

3. Drug Endangered Children Children who suffer physical or psychological harm or neglect resulting from exposure to an environment where adults are manufacturing, selling, or using drugs.

4. Neglected & Abused Children • 50% more likely to be arrested as juveniles • 40% more likely to be arrested for a violent crime as adults • 33% more likely to become substance abusers US Department of Justice

5. Drugs of Abuse

6. Most Commonly Abused Drug Legal Drug

7. Commonly Abused Drugs Marijuana

8. Commonly Abused Drugs Methamphetamine

9. Commonly Abused Drugs Prescription Drugs

10. Commonly Abused Drugs Cocaine

11. Drugs Of Abuse Heroin

12. Drugs Of Abuse MDMA (Ecstasy)

13. Drugs Of Abuse GHB

14. Drugs Of Abuse LSD

15. Drugs Of Abuse Inhalants

16. Drugs Of Abuse Dextromathorithan

17. Drugs of Abuse Fentanyl

18. Drug Schedules • Schedule I Heroin, Ecstasy, Marijuana , LSD, Rohypnol • Schedule II Cocaine, Ritalin, PCP, Fentanyl, OxyContin, Percocet, Morphine, Methamphetamine • Schedule III Ketamine, Vicodine, Loritab, Tylenol 3 • Schedule IV Xanax, Librium, Valium, Phenobarbital, Darvocet • Schedule V Cough suppressants

19. Marijuana • The most commonly abused illicit drug in the U.S. • A dry, shredded green/brown mix of flowers, stems, seeds, and leaves. • Is a schedule I drug under the controlled substance act. • Smuggled in from Mexico and Canada. • Domestically grown. Grass, Pot, Weed, Bud, Reefer, Cannabis

20. Short term effects Increased heart rate Loss of coordination Difficulty in thinking and problem solving Distorted perception Time passes slowly Anxiety and panic attacks Dry mouth Long term effects Respiratory problems (cough and phlegm) Symptoms of chronic bronchitis Difficulty in registering, processing and using information Difficulty sustaining attention Marijuana

21. What to look for . . .

22. The DEA calls this pharmaceutical diversion 20% of the U.S. population have used prescription drugs for non-medical reasons in their lifetime. How is it done? Illegal sale and distribution by health care professionals and worker “Doctor shopping” Employee theft Forged prescriptions Internet Prescription Drug Abuse

23. Three classes of most commonlyabused prescription drugs • Opioids are prescribed to treat pain (OxyContin) • CNS depressants are prescribed to treat anxiety and sleep disorders (Valium) • Stimulants – are prescribed to treat narcolepsy and ADHD (Ritalin)

24. Prescription Drug Abuse

25. What are the brand names of some of these drugs?

26. Pharm Party • At a “pharm party,” teens share and mix various prescription medications, especially painkillers (OxyContin and Vicodin); tranquilizers (Xanax and Valium), stimulants (Ritalin and adderall); and sedatives. • Alcohol is often added to the “cocktail,” increasing the danger.

27. What to look for . . . . • Constricted pupils, slurred speech, flushed skin, sweating, and loss of appetite • Personality changes, moods swings, irritability, sleepiness or avoiding sleep, forgetfulness • Increasingly secretive, losing interest in personal appearance, changes at school

28. Cocaine • Cocaine is a naturally derived central nervous system stimulant extracted and refined from the Coca plant • It is an intense euphoric drug with strong addictive potential • Cocaine is typically a white-ish powder with a bitter, numbing taste. • Is a schedule II drug under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. Coke, Flake, Snow, Crack, Nose Candy

29. Cocaine • The powdered, hydrochloride salt form of cocaine can be snorted or dissolved in water and injected. • Crack is the free base form of cocaine. It is not water soluble, but volatile. This form comes in a rock crystal that can be heated and its vapors smoked.

30. Initial effects: Hyperactivity Restlessness Increased blood pressure Increased heart rate Short term effects: Increased focus Excitation Euphoria Sexual arousal Insomnia Decreased appetite Negative effects: Increased body temperature and heart rate Agitation and anxiety Paranoia Dizziness Nausea/vomiting Violent behavior Increased risk for heart attacks Strokes Respiratory problems Cocaine

31. What to look for . . .

32. Heroin • Heroin is processed from morphine, a naturally occurring substance extracted from the seedpod of the Asian poppy plant. • Heroin usually appears as a white or a brown powder • Is a schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. Smack, Thunder, Junk, Mexican black tar

33. Heroin withdrawal • Drug craving • Restlessness • Muscle and bone pain • Insomnia • Diarrhea • Vomiting • Cold flashes with goose bumps (cold turkey) • Kicking movements (kicking the habit)

34. Heroin Treatment • Methadone maintenance treatment programs • Substance abuse counseling • Psychosocial therapies • Supportive services

35. Deliberate inhalation of fumes, vapors or gases to “get high” Inhalants are poisons to the body Quick intoxication with serious health consequences. It’s like a quick drunk. It effects the same receptors that alcohol does. What is inhalant abuse?

36. Who knows about Inhalant Abuse?

37. Who doesn't know about Inhalant Abuse?

38. Because they can Because they’re bored Because they’re upset In short, for any reason or no reason They don’t have to have money They don’t have to have transportation They don’t have to have the ability to get the drugs In short, they have access Why do kids abuse inhalants?

39. How it’s Done • Sniffing from a container, bag, cans or clothing • Huffing - Inhaling from a chemical soaked rag, open container or balloon • Bagging - Putting a bag over one’s head and huffing For maximum effect, children inhale deeply and then take several more short breaths

40. Commonly Product/Potential Inhalants • Gases Nitrous oxide, helium, refrigerants, propane • Solvents and Fuels Butane, nail polish remover, paint thinner, correction fluid, permanent markers, gasoline • Aerosols Spray paint, hair spray, air freshener, dust-off • Adhesives Model airplane glue, rubber cement, PVC cement • Foods Cooking spray, aerosol whipped cream topping • Cleaning Agents Spot remover, degreaser

41. Among teens aged 12 to 17, 20.9% used illegal drugs in the past year. (age) 12-13 14-15 16-17 • Inhalants 45.5% 25.1% 12.4% • Painkillers 36.5% 34.2% 35.2% • Marijuana 28.4% 66.2% 81.4% • Other 9.8% 26.3% 34.2% The National Inhalant Prevention Coalition & SAMSHA, 2007

42. Immediate Effects • Dizziness • Disorientation • Emotional volatility • Loss of coordination • Distortion of perception • Cognitive impairment • Hallucinations • Lightheadedness • Diminished sensitivity to pain • Slurred speech • Loss of inhibitions

43. Medical Consequences • Asphyxiation- displacing oxygen in the lungs • Suffocation – blocking air from entering the lungs (bag over head) • Convulsions or seizures – abnormal electrical discharges in the brain • Choking- from inhalation of vomit • Fatal injury- accidents while high • Death

44. Inhalant Abuse Emergencies • Remove the source of chemicals from around the nose and mouth • Call 911. Turn person on side to prevent aspiration of vomit • If not breathing, administer CPR • Ventilate the area • Do not excite, scare, shock, upset or chase the person • Try to identify the inhalant

45. What to look for: • Household cans left in child’s bedroom or going through an item too fast • Pain around the mouth or on the tongue • Upset stomach or throwing up with no know reason found • Change in behavior • Passing out • A chemical odor • Death

46. Methamphetamine • Methamphetamine is a synthetic stimulant drug which induces a strong feeling of euphoria (similar to adrenaline) and is highly addictive. • Can be injected, snorted, smoked or taken orally • Is a schedule II drug under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. Speed, Meth, Ice, Crystal, Chalk, Crank, Go-Fast

47. Meth comes in two forms POWDER • The powder form is usually white, odorless and bitter-tasking, and can be snorted, smoked, eaten, dissolved in a drink and ingested, or heated and injected. ROCK • The purer form of the drug, called “crystal”, “glass” and “ice” appears as clear, chunky crystals that are usually smoked or injected

48. What meth does for the user Repeated use damages the dopamine producing cells in the brain !!!!!!!!!!

49. What to look for . . . Appearance • Mouth: User may develop “meth mouth” – extreme tooth decay • Skin: Infected sores or “meth bugs” appear and are slow to heal • Body weight: User may experience dramatic weight loss, anorexia, malnutrition