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Chapter 11

Chapter 11. Industry. Key Issue #1 . Where Did Industry Originate?. Where is Industry Distributed?. Origin of industry: 1750s-1950s From cottage industries to the Industrial Revolution

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Chapter 11

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  1. Chapter 11 Industry

  2. Key Issue #1 Where Did Industry Originate?

  3. Where is Industry Distributed? • Origin of industry: 1750s-1950s • From cottage industries to the Industrial Revolution • Impact of the Industrial Revolution especially great on iron, coal, transportation, textiles, chemicals, and food processing

  4. Diffusion of the Industrial Revolution Figure 11-2

  5. Key Issue #2 Where Is Industry Distributed?

  6. Where is Industry Distributed? • Industrial regions • Europe • Emerged in late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries • North America • Industry arrived later but spread faster than in Europe • East Asia

  7. Industrial Regions Figure 11-3

  8. Industrial Areas in Europe Figure 11-4

  9. Industrial Areas in North America Figure 11-5

  10. Key Issue #3 Why Do Industries Have Different Distributions?

  11. Why Do Industries Have Different Distributions? • Situation factors • Involve transporting materials to and from a factory. • Site factors • Result from the unique characteristics of a location; land, labor, & capital are 3 production factors that vary among locations.

  12. Alfred Weber’s Industrial Location Theory • Weight-losing or Bulk-reducing manufacturing • involves a large # of inputs that are reduced to a final product that weigh less or have less volume/bulk than the inputs. • Factories tend to be near the inputs that lose the most bulk.

  13. Why Are Situation Factors Important? Figure 11-8 Proximity to inputs • Bulk-reducing • Examples: • Copper • Steel

  14. Alfred Weber’s Industrial Location Theory • Weight-gaining or Bulk-gaining manufacturing • involves a # of inputs that are combined to a final product that gains volume/bulk/weight in the production process. • Factories tend to be near the consumers because the cost of transporting the final product is more than the cost of transporting the inputs.

  15. Why Are Situation Factors Important? Figure 11-10 • Proximity to markets • Bulk-gaining industries • Examples: • Fabricated metals • Beverage production • Single-market manufacturers • Perishable products

  16. Why Are Situation Factors Important? • Ship, rail, truck, or air? • The farther something is transported, the lower the cost per km/mile • Cost decreases at different rates for each of the four modes • Truck = most often for short-distance travel • Train = used to ship longer distances (1 day +) • Ship = slow, but very low cost per km/mile • Air = most expensive, but very fast

  17. Why Are Site Factors Important? • Labor • The most important site factor • Labor-intensive industries • Examples: textiles • Textile and apparel spinning • Textile and apparel weaving • Textile and apparel assembly

  18. Cotton Yarn Production Figure 11-16

  19. Woven Cotton Fabric Production Figure 11-17

  20. Production of Women’s Blouses Figure 11-18

  21. Why Are Site Factors Important? Figure 11-20 • Land • Rural sites • Environmental factors • Capital

  22. Why Are Location Factors Changing? • Renewed attraction of traditional industrial regions • Proximity to skilled labor • Fordist, or mass production • Post-Fordist, or lean production • Just-in-time delivery

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