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KEY CONCEPT Enzymes are catalysts for chemical reactions in living things.

Explore the role of enzymes as catalysts in living organisms and how disruptions in homeostasis can affect their functioning. Learn about the denaturation of enzymes and its impact on their ability to perform their function. Discover the importance of maintaining optimal conditions for enzyme activity.

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KEY CONCEPT Enzymes are catalysts for chemical reactions in living things.

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  1. KEY CONCEPTEnzymes are catalysts for chemical reactions in living things.

  2. A catalyst lowers activation energy. • Catalysts are substances that speed up chemical reactions. • decrease activation energy • increase reaction rate

  3. Enzymes allow chemical reactions to occur under tightly controlled conditions. • Enzymes are catalysts in living things. • Enzymes are needed for almost all processes. • Most enzymes are proteins. • Enzymes end with an –ASE ending. • Catalase is an enzyme used to break down • Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) • H2O2 is a toxic by-product of many normal • metabolic processes. • To prevent damage, it must be quickly • converted into other, less dangerous • substances. • 2 H2O2 → 2 H2O + O2

  4. Disruptions in homeostasis can prevent enzymes from functioning. • Enzymes function best in a small range of conditions. • Changes in temperature and pH can break hydrogen bonds and change the shape of the enzyme. • An enzyme that looses its shape and therefore its ability to perform its function has DENATURED • An enzyme’s function depends on its structure.

  5. What is a fever? • A fever, or pyrexia, is a rise in internal body temperature to levels that are above normal. • Average body temperature is about 98.6°F or 37°C, and temperatures above 100.4°F or 38°C are considered to be a fever. • A fever is a defense mechanism to ward off a preceived bacterial or viral attack.

  6. Why is a high fever dangerous? • A fever of 105°F or 41°C is considered deadly. • When the temperature of the body exceeds 105°F or 41°C enzymes begin to denature rapidly. • The result is a loss of homeostasis in the body. • WHEN HOMEOSTASIS IS NOT MAINTAINED IN THE BODY THE END RESULT IS DEATH!

  7. substrates (reactants) enzyme Substrates bind to anenzyme at certain places called active sites. • An enzyme’s structure allows only certain reactants to bind to the enzyme. • substrates • active site

  8. Substrates bind to anenzyme at certain places called active sites. The enzyme bringssubstrates together and weakens their bonds. The catalyzed reaction formsa product that is releasedfrom the enzyme. • The lock-and-key model helps illustrate how enzymes function. • substrates brought together • bonds in substrates weakened

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