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Notes: Chromosomes and Chromosome Disorders

Notes: Chromosomes and Chromosome Disorders. Characteristics. Chromosomes are long, threadlike groups of genes made up of DNA; found in the nucleus. Chromosomes are always an even number Examples: Humans – 46 Dogs – 78 Mosquitoes – 6 Goldfish – 94

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Notes: Chromosomes and Chromosome Disorders

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  1. Notes: Chromosomesand Chromosome Disorders

  2. Characteristics • Chromosomes are long, threadlike groups of genes made up of DNA; found in the nucleus. • Chromosomes are always an even number Examples: Humans – 46 Dogs – 78 Mosquitoes – 6 Goldfish – 94 • Each chromosome has many genes on it!

  3. Human Chromosomes • Each person has 46 chromosomes • (23 from your mom and 23 from your dad) 1. Autosomes – first 22 pairs (44 total) 2. Sex Chromosomes – 23rd pair (2 total) XX = female XY = male

  4. Amniocentesis • One way to detect genetic defects is to obtain fetal cells through a needle inserted in the amniotic sac of a pregnant woman.

  5. Karyotype • A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to size. • It is a tool used to help detect genetic defects

  6. Mutations • Down’s syndrome – extra #21 chromosome; mental deficiencies, short stature, short wide neck, stocky arms and legs, sterile. • Turner’s syndrome – XO (female’s with only one X) they are shorter than normal. • Klinefleter’s syndrome – XXY (male’s with an extra X chromosome) they are taller than normal. • Cri-du-chat (French for Cry of the Cat). Missing part of chromosome #5. When babies are born with this they sound like a cat crying. Downward slant to the eyes, Low birth weight, mental deficiencies, Skin tags just in front of the ear, small head, small jaw, Wide-set eyes

  7. What disorder?Male or female? • Cri-du chat

  8. What disorder?Male or female? • Down’s syndrome • Female

  9. What disorderMale or female? Turner’s syndrome Female Sisters….one with Turner’s syndrome

  10. What disorder?Male or female? • Kleinfelter’s Syndrome • male

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