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Chromosomes

Chromosomes. What they’re made of. Chromosomes. Chromosomes are found in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells. Chromosome Parts. Chromosomes have three main parts: a centromere - where the DNA strands connect; DNA strands – long, coiled strings of DNA that contain genes;

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Chromosomes

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  1. Chromosomes What they’re made of

  2. Chromosomes Chromosomes are found in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells.

  3. Chromosome Parts • Chromosomes have three main parts: • a centromere - where the DNA strands connect; • DNA strands – long, coiled strings of DNA that contain genes; • Telomeres - that protect the ends. Centromere Coiled DNA Strands Telomere

  4. Chromosomes uncoil for two reasons • To copy themselves in cell reproduction • To use their genes to make proteins

  5. Genes are parts of Chromosomes • Each DNA strand is made of many different genes attached end to end.

  6. Chromosomes come in pairs • Each pair has genes for the same trait in the same location.

  7. P P P P P P D D D D D D A T G G C C A T C C G G D D D D D D P P P P P P Looking closer and closer at a DNA strand 2. A gene is part of a chromosome that controls a trait. 1. A chromosome is an organelle 3. A trait is a characteristic of an organism that can be observed. 4. Genes are made of DNA

  8. P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D A A T T T T G G G G G G C C C C C A A A A A T T T C C C C C C C G G G G G G D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P A nucleotide is the smallest unit of DNA or RNA There are 4 DNA nucleotides There are 4 RNA nucleotides A G U C R P R P R P R P

  9. A T C G D D D D R D D D D R R P P P P P P P P P P P G U What the letters mean • P = Phosphate • D = Deoxyribose • R = Ribose • A = Adenine • T = Thymine • C = Cytosine • G = Guanine • U = Uracil T A G C A C R P

  10. DNA stands forDeoxyribonucleic Acid.

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