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Impacts from Development of Industries

Impacts from Development of Industries. WEEK 7. Relationship Between Tourism and Environment. Three Aspects of Tourism-Environment Relationship : Many features of physical environment are attraction for tourists

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Impacts from Development of Industries

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  1. Impacts from Development of Industries WEEK 7

  2. Relationship Between Tourism and Environment Three Aspects of Tourism-Environment Relationship: • Many features of physical environment are attraction for tourists • Tourist facilities and infrastructure constitute one aspect of the built environment • Tourism development and tourist use of an area generate environmental impacts

  3. SUSTAINABLE TOURISM!

  4. Types of Environmental Impacts +ve Positive Impacts • Conservation of important natural areas • Conservation of archaeological and historic sites and architectural character • Improvement of environmental quality • Enhancement of the environment • Improvement of infrastructure • Increasing environmental awareness

  5. Types of Environmental Impacts -ve Negative Impacts • Water pollution • Air pollution • Noise pollution • Visual Pollution • Waste disposal problems • Ecological disruption • Environmental hazards • Damage to archaeological and historic sites • Land use problems

  6. Environmental Impacts Three main impacts: • Natural Resources • Pollution • Physical Impacts

  7. DEPLETIONOF NATURAL RESOURCES

  8. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM

  9. POLLUTION

  10. Kenya Damage to coral reefs as result of boating, reef walking & collection of shells & ornamental fish for the tourist market; With the exception of protected areas, most coral reef areas along the coast are under pressure fromover-exploitation Pollution from coastal urban centres, including Mombassa, due to poor waste management and inadequate or non-existent waste disposal facilities & infrastructure Unplanned development of coastal hotels with major impacts on shorelines & coastalhabitats

  11. PHYSICAL IMPACT • In industrial countries, mass tourism and recreation are now fast overtaking the extractive industries as the largest threat to mountain communities and environments. • Since 1945, visits to the 10 most popular mountainous national parks in the United States have increased twelve-fold. • In the European Alps, tourism now exceeds 100 million visitor-days. Every year in the Indian Himalaya, more than 250,000 Hindu pilgrims, 25,000 trekkers, and 75 mountaineering expeditions climb to the sacred source of the Ganges River, the Gangotri Glacier. • They deplete local forests for firewood, trample riparian vegetation, and strew litter. Even worse, this tourism frequently induces poorly planned, land-intensive development. (Source: People and the Planet)

  12. Let’s Have Class Activity: Discuss and tell the class : • The physical impact of tourism development • The physical impact of tourism activities.

  13. Physical Impacts of Tourism Development • Construction activities and infrastructure development • Deforestation and intensified or unsustainable use of land • Marina development

  14. Physical Impacts from Tourist Activities • Trampling • Anchoring and other marine activities • Alteration of ecosystems by tourist activities

  15. Trampling impacts on vegetation Trampling impacts on soil Breakage and bruising of stems Loss of organic matter Reduced plant vigour Reduction in soil macro porosity Reduced regeneration Decrease in air and water permeability Loss of ground cover Increase in run off Change in species composition Accelerated erosion TRAILING IMPACTS OF TOURISM

  16. Socioeconomic Impacts

  17. Host and Guest Relationships Stress due to any economic development Stress due to socieconomic differences between tourists and host Stress due to cultural differences between tourists and host

  18. Positive Impacts • Economic Benefits • Conservation of Cultural Heritage • Renewal of Cultural Pride • Cross-Cultural Exchange

  19. Negative Impacts • Loss of Potential Economic Benefits • Economic and Employment Distortions • Overcrowding and Loss of Amenities for Residents • Cultural Impacts • Social Problems

  20. Tourism and crimeaverage annual growthrates 1970-1993-Papua New Guinea

  21. Market Failures • Accommodation Occupancy rates? • Flights Flight capacity? • Attractions Sites Empty?

  22. Environmental Impact Assessment • EIA procedures has been formulated to assess the impacts of proposed development projects. • EIA format vary from one place to another, but includes social, economic and physical environment factors • EIA is useful to ensure environmental impacts of proposed projects have been taken into consideration and preventive actions taken, and basis for necessary adjustments to the plan.

  23. Basic EIA Model • Air pollution • Surface Water Pollution • Ground Water Pollution • Pollution of Domestic Water Supply • Noise Pollution • Solid Waste Disposal Problem • Water Drainage & Flooding Problems • Damage or destruction of flora & fauna • Ecological disruption & damage • Land use & circulation problem

  24. TOURISM PROBLEMs in MALAYSIA? What do you guys think ? 

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