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Environmental Impacts of Chemical Industries

Environmental Impacts of Chemical Industries. Dr. Lek Wantha. Content s. Groups of Industry Pollutants. 1. Material pollutants. 2.Physical (energy) pollutants. Chemical pollutants Gases Liquid Solid Biological pollutants Microorganisms and their wastes.

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Environmental Impacts of Chemical Industries

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  1. Environmental Impacts of Chemical Industries Dr. LekWantha

  2. Contents

  3. Groups of Industry Pollutants 1. Material pollutants 2.Physical (energy) pollutants • Chemical pollutants • Gases • Liquid • Solid • Biological pollutants • Microorganisms and their wastes • Thermal or mechanical pollutants

  4. Air Pollution 1. Natural pollution • Dust storm: fine particle of soils, rock, seed and organisms • Volcanic eruptions: hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, ammonia, chloride, CO, CO2, SO2, HF, Ash(silica) 2.Man made air pollution • Thermal pollution stations: fuel • Iron works and non ferrous smelteries: dust, CO, NO, SO2, Hydro carbon (HC) • Motor vehicle: NOx, CO, HC • Chemical Industries: toxic compound

  5. Air Pollutants and Effects • Sulfur dioxide (SO2) • Colorless • Respiratory irritant • Poison • Acid rain (H2SO4) • Major source is fuel (coal, oil) • Carbon monoxide (CO) • Colorless • Odorless • Reduce O2 carrying in blood • Obtained when fossil fuel is incompletely burned

  6. Air Pollutants and Effects • Nitrous oxide (Nox) • Mostly NO • HNO3 and NO2 • Reactive gas at Temperature > 1093.3°C (2000 °F) • Hydrocarbon • Volatile organic compounds • Evaporation of petroleum (fuel) • Incomplete fuel combustion • Carcinogenicity

  7. Air Pollutants and Effects • Particulate or Particular matter (PM) • 0.005-100 m (diameter) • Dust • Ash • Smog • Reduce visibility • Reparatory problem • Carcinogenicity

  8. % = percent of contribution of greenhouse effect

  9. Global Greenhouse Gases By gases By sources

  10. 2008 Global CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion and some Industrial Processes (million metric tons of CO2)

  11. Greenhouse Effects

  12. Composition and classification of waste water

  13. Water Contaminants

  14. Waste Water Sources • Reaction water: reactants and products • Wash water: wash raw materials and products • Liquors • Water extracts and absorption fluid • Cooling water • Rain water

  15. Grade of Waste Water • Lift after plant cooling and some condensate • Reactive water: acid and alkali • Highly mineralized • Contaminated with organic compound • Containing component whose recovery economically advantage • Contain petroleum and oil • Domestic waste water

  16. Industrial Solid & Hazardous Waste • Hazardous waste properties • Corrosively: highly acid or alkali (pH <2 or >12.5) • Ignitability: easily ignited or fire • Reactivity: explosion • Toxicity: release to water and be toxic • Sources • Manufacturing process • Commercial/institutional wastes • waste water treatment

  17. Wasteless Chemical Process • Wasteless chemical processing • Reduce water consumption • Use non-toxic replaced toxic materials • Volatile solvents are exclude from operation • Better method for waste treatment is researched • Good sample • Air cooling using new ammonia synthesis reduced water requirement ten-fold • Using double absorption in H2SO4 manufacture to reduce its emission from 0.2% to 0.03-0.05%

  18. Sources • Kiattikomol, R. Chemical process industries. Faculty of Engineer, Burapha University. • http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/global.html • http://cenvironment.blogspot.com/2011/11/particulate-matter.html

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