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model (1)

earth. -G. density min. cylinder axis. V app. V ax. sun. V sw. Assume the axial symmetric CR density distribution with the minimum along with the axis of a cylinder Then the observed – G points toward the density minimum ( ) located on the axis

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model (1)

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  1. earth -G density min. cylinder axis Vapp Vax sun Vsw • Assume the axial symmetric CR density distribution with the minimum along with the axis of a cylinder • Then the observed –G points toward the density minimum ( ) located on the axis • Assume the cylinder moving with the average solar wind velocity Vsw • Then the velocity Vax representing the cylinder orientation can be deduced from the apparent velocity Vapp, as • Vax =Vapp - Vsw model (1)

  2. R earth λ -G RE density min. cylinder axis model (2) • Assume the gaussian distribution for CR density, as (1) R : distance from the cylinder axis I0 : minimum density, l: radial scale of the cylinder • Then G(RE) observed at the earth (R= RE) is… (2) RE: minimum distance between the earth & the cylinder axis • With the observed G(RE), REcan be calculated • from (2) for each set of parameters, I0 & l • Find a set of I0 & l giving the best-fit G(RE) to • the observed gradient

  3. CR data used Prototype Muon network 35 directions (Nagoya-Japan, Hobart-Australia, SaoMartinho-Brazil) Two CME events in 2001analyzed S.Watari 2002

  4. Observation 4/11 8/27 ρGx ρGy ρGz

  5. Results for Apr. 11 event averages over the best-fit period: Vsw = 696 km/s B = 21.2 nT r = 0.053 AU cylinder orientation : q = 50.2  f = -5.2  passed the earth at RE= 0.015 AU best-fit parameters : I0 =-1.93 % l = 0.066 AU

  6. Results for Aug. 27 CME averages over the best-fit period: Vsw = 533 km/s B = 7.4 nT r = 0.15 AU cylinder orientation : q = 66.4  f = -33.3  Passed the earth at RE= 0.025 AU best-fit parameters : I0 = -1.02 % l = 0.061 AU

  7. Density profiles Apr. 11 CME Aug. 27 CME

  8. Results for Apr. 11 eventby NM averages over the best-fit period: Vsw = 696 km/s B = 21.2 nT r = 0.011 AU cylinder orientation : q = 148.9  f = 15.7 passed the earth at RE= 0.030 AU best-fit parameters : I0 =-10.0 % l = 0.085 AU

  9. Results for Aug. 27 CMEby NM averages over the best-fit period: Vsw = 533 km/s B = 7.4 nT r = 0.030 AU cylinder orientation : q = 57.9  f = -26.4  Passed the earth at RE= 0.047 AU best-fit parameters : I0 = -6.189 % l = 0.098 AU

  10. Density profiles by NM Apr. 11 CME Aug. 27 CME

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