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Basic Reference Certificate Geography Revision Exercises – Issues & Map-Reading P.49-76. HKCEE MAP READING SKILLS :. Basic Map Reading Skills: Check List. Conventional Signs Grid References Scales Direction Gradient Cross-section & Relief Features. Conventional Signs . Reference - WB:49.
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Basic ReferenceCertificate Geography Revision Exercises –Issues & Map-Reading P.49-76 HKCEEMAP READINGSKILLS:
Basic Map Reading Skills:Check List • Conventional Signs • Grid References • Scales • Direction • Gradient • Cross-section & Relief Features
Conventional Signs • Reference - WB:49
Conventional Signs • Reference - WB:49
Conventional Signs • Reference - WB:49
Conventional Signs • Reference - WB:49
Conventional Signs • Reference - WB:49
Conventional Signs • Reference - WB:49
Grid References (WB:51-52) • to tell locations on a map • two sets of lines • vertical – eastings (number values increase eastwards) • horizontal – northings (number values increase northwards) • grid square 4-figure • location 6-figure
Grid References(WB:53) 147343 1132
Scale (WB:54-55) • to show the number of times that the actual size of the ground has been reduced • helps us find out real distance / area from the map
Scale • Statement Scale • describes the scale in words • e.g. 1 cm to 200m • Representative Fraction (R.F.) • shows scale in the form of a fraction / ratio • e.g. 1:20000 • Linear Scale • uses a line to show the scale • e.g.
Direction • Reference – WB:59
Direction • Reference – WB:59
Direction • Reference – WB:60
Vertical Exaggeration • Reference – WB:72
Relief Features • Reference – WB:65-68
gentle slope • steep slope • concave slope • convex slope • stepped slope • spur • valley • hill • ridge • saddle
A B Calculate the Average Gradient of the Stream from A (source) to B (bridge) A: 340m Gradient: 1 in HD/VD HD: measured actual length of the red line is 7.5cm Map Scale is 1 : 20000 Actual Distance: (7.5 X 200)m = 1500m B: 80m VD: 340m – 80m =260m Gradient: 1 in 1500m/260m = 1 in 5.8