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Psych History: Earliest Days

Psych History: Earliest Days. Early Greeks – man is a rational being…..not just a pawn of the gods…..observation is important Descartes (early 1600s) furthers the idea of separate mind / body that influence each other 1800s – cells identified…..science becomes a system of experimentation.

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Psych History: Earliest Days

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  1. Psych History: Earliest Days Early Greeks – man is a rational being…..not just a pawn of the gods…..observation is important Descartes (early 1600s) furthers the idea of separate mind / body that influence each other 1800s – cells identified…..science becomes a system of experimentation

  2. Psych History: Structuralism Wilhelm Wundt (late 1800s) – - father of modern psychology - interested in basic elements of conscious thought - attention & behavior are related to internal motivation - used personal introspection to study behavior - forerunner to modern scientific method

  3. Psych History: Functionalism William James (late 1800s) – American - interested in how the mind FUNCTIONS (instinctual) - wanted to help people adapt to their environments…….not just describe it - very aware of individual differences

  4. Psych History: Inheritable Traits Sir Francis Galton (late 1800s) - used case studies - Genius / excellence is hereditary - “Good marriages” would benefit society….Social Darwinism

  5. Psych History: Gestalt German Trio (Koffka/Kohler/Wertheimer) - anti-structuralism & behaviorism - perception is more than the sum of parts…..it is a “whole” - example p. 18 text

  6. Psych History: Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud (early 1900s) - “Primal Drives”: unconscious biological urges wrestle with societal constraints (Id v Superego) - psychoanalysis uses : “free association” - dream analysis (p. 17) - hypnosis - created/used case studies of severe cases - Jung (collective unc.) & Adler (inferiority)

  7. Psych History: Behavioral Pavlov / Watson / Skinner (early 20th Century) - classical conditioning is reflexive (stimulus--response) - operant condition is rewards & punishments - stick to OBSERVABLE processes in the ENVIRONMENT

  8. Psych History: Humanism Maslow / Rogers / May (1960s) - humans are evolving & self –directed - self concept important in development - each person is unique and has potential…responsible for own destiny - ENVIRONMENT is in the background ….our NATURE allows everyone to be successful

  9. Psych History: Cognitive Piaget / Chomsky / Festinger (post-’50s) - how we process, use, & store information & the influence on thinking, language, problem solving, and creativity (NATURE+) - perceptions / memories / expectations influence behavior….develop in stages - NOT a simple stimulus ---response

  10. Psych History: Biological - emphasis on biology of behavior - interplay of brain / nervous system / hormones / genetics - use PET / fMRI / CAT scans - physiology of brain communication (neurotransmitters) is important

  11. Psych History: Sociocultural Leonard Doob & others (p. 22) - behavior is result of interplay of society / ethnicity / gender & socioeconomic status - immigrant assimilation - poverty effects

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