Performance Enhancing Drugs

Performance Enhancing Drugs 3.5.5: Performance Enhancing Drugs (PEDS) Their effects on sporting performance. Their side effects on the body. N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Why take drugs? • Desire to win • Financial rewards • Influence of others • Recover from injury quickly • Mask pain • Natural ability not sufficient • Train harder and longer. N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Do you think he should represent our country? Dwain Chambers N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Hall of Shame N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Diego Maradona Diego Maradona’s involvement with drugs was exposed in 1991 when he failed a dope test for cocaine. He made a stunning return at the 1994 World Cup but was sent home after testing positive for ephedrine. N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Christine Ohuruogu Britain’s Christine Ohuruogu was originally banned for life for missing three out-of-competition drug tests. But the ban was overturned on appeal meaning she can now compete! N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Ben Johnson Ben Johnson clinched a scarcely believable world record time of 9.79 seconds to pip Carl Lewis to Olympic 100 metres gold at the 1988 games in Seoul. However, Johnson was stripped of his medal after testing positive for anabolic steroids. N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Floyd Landis Cycling once again suffered after the 2006 Tour de France winner Floyd Landis tested positive for testosterone. The American produced the test during stage 17 which he won by almost 6 minutes to get back into contention after he slipped into 11th place. N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Shane Warne Shane Warne the Australian spin bowling legend was sent home from the 2003 Cricket World Cup after he tested positive for a banned diuretic (possibly being used to mask other banned substances). The leniency of the one year ban imposed by the Australian Cricket Board was criticised by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Rio Ferdinand • Rio Ferdinand was left out of England's squad for their crucial Euro 2004 qualifying match in Turkey. The FA dropped him pending an investigation into his failure to attend a routine drugs test. N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Anabolic Steroids • Mimics the effects of testosterone (male hormone). • Accelerate growth and repair of muscles and bone. • Example: nandrolone Side Effects: • Increased risk of heart attack and stroke, high blood pressure, liver disease, women develop a deeper voice and hair growth, increased risk of muscle injury, infertility in women, death. Users: Explosive events such as 100m, Javelin. N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Beta Blockers • Stop the effect of adrenaline. • Reduce the heart rate and relax a performer. • Steady the hand and reduce stress and anxiety. Side Effects: • Low blood pressure, depression, tiredness, nausea and diarrhoea and insomnia. Users: Darts and snooker players. N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Diuretics • Speeds up the work of the kidneys to increase the amount of urine produced. • Useful in sports with weight restrictions. • Can also be used to mask other drugs by reducing their concentration in the body. Side Effects: • Dehydration, dizziness, muscle cramps, headaches, nausea and can lead to kidney illness. Users: Boxers, jockeys. N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Narcotics and Analgesics • Reduce the sensation of the CNS; give relief from pain. • Very strong painkillers: heroin, methadone, pethidine, morphine. • Allow the body to train/play whilst injured. Side Effects: • Loss of concentration, balance and co-ordination, emotional effects such as hallucination. • Permanent injury due to lack of rest and recovery. Users: Almost anyone with injury! N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Peptide Hormones • Growth hormone (GH) increases muscle production, makes the body use fat and reduces tiredness. • Erythropoietin (EPO) increases the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. Side Effects: • GH – irregular heart beat. • EPO - thickens the blood which can lead to heart attacks or strokes. Users: Explosive events (GH), endurance events (EPO). N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Stimulants • Stimulates the cardiovascular system and increases its activity; increases alertness. • Reduces the feeling of tiredness so can train; offset the effects of lactic acid on the muscles. • Amphetamines, cocaine, ephedrine. Side Effects: • Insomnia, irritability, irregular heart beat, increased heart rate, high blood pressure, addiction. Users: Athletes, dancers (wide ranging). N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Blood Doping A banned process NOT a banned drug. Involves increasing the number of red blood cells in the body to improve performance. Train at high altitude for some time, then have about 2 pints of blood taken out and their red blood cells frozen. The body recovers, and the normal 8 pints is restored. N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Blood Doping • Close to competition, the red blood cells are unfrozen and put back into the bloodstream. • This is thought to increase performance by as much as 20%. What are the dangers of blood doping? N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Is it worth it? N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Performance Enhancing Drugs