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Gene Mutations & Chromosomal Mutations

Gene Mutations & Chromosomal Mutations. Notes #11. Mutations. Changes in DNA. Types of Mutations. Gene Mutations: Changes in the DNA code Chromosomal Mutations: Changes in the # or structure of a chromosome. 2 Types of Gene Mutations. Point Mutations: Affects one single base in DNA.

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Gene Mutations & Chromosomal Mutations

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  1. Gene Mutations & Chromosomal Mutations Notes #11

  2. Mutations • Changes in DNA

  3. Types of Mutations • Gene Mutations: Changes in the DNA code • Chromosomal Mutations: Changes in the # or structure of a chromosome

  4. 2 Types of Gene Mutations • Point Mutations: Affects one single base in DNA

  5. Ex. Substitution Mutation: Replaces one base for another one Normal DNA DNA: T A C / G C A/ T G G / A A T mRNA: Amino Acids: A U G / C G U/ A C C / U U A Met - Arg - Thr - Leu Substitution Mutations DNA: T A C/ G T A /T G G/ A A T mRNA: Amino Acids: A U G / C A U /A C C / U U A Met - His - Thr - Leu

  6. Heterochromia (Substitution Mutation) Occurs in 1 in 500 people Or 0.2% in the human population DNA base was substituted with another, preventing the brown pigment (Melanin) from being made in one of the eyes.

  7. Changing Eye Colors Using Laser to change brown eyes to blue eyes Do you think their children will have a chance of being born with blue eyes? ANS: No. Why?

  8. 2. Frameshift Mutation: Inputting or deleting a base (2 types) ex 1. Insertion mutation: Inputting extra DNA bases

  9. Insertion Mutation Normal DNA DNA: T A C/ G C A/ T G G/ A A T mRNA: Amino Acids: A U G/ C G U/ A C C / U U A Met - Arg - Thr - Leu Insertion Mutations DNA: T A T/ C G T /A T G / G A A / T mRNA: Amino Acids: A U A G C A U A C C U U A Iso - Ala - Tyr - Leu

  10. Insertion Mutation Polydactyly: Extra Fingers or thumbs

  11. Insertion Mutations Humans with tails

  12. Ex. 2. Deletion Mutation: Delete a base from DNA Normal DNA DNA: T A C / G CA/ T G G/ A A T mRNA: A U G /C G U /A C C / U U A Amino Acids: Met - Arg - Thr - Leu Deletion Mutations DNA: T A C / G T A T / G G A / A T mRNA: Amino Acids: X A U G / A U A/ C C U/ U A Met – Iso - Pro

  13. Deletion Mutation One-eyed kitten

  14. Chromosomal Mutations (4 Types) • Deletion: Loss of all parts of a chromosome Normal Chromosome Deletion

  15. Deletion Mutation Missing or deformed legs

  16. Chromosomal Mutations 2. Duplication: Part of chromosome that is duplicated Normal Chromosome Duplication

  17. Duplication Mutation Frog with extra legs

  18. 6-year-old with an arm on her back

  19. Chromosomal Mutations 3. Inversion: Part of chromosome put in reversed order Normal Chromosome Inversion

  20. Chromosomal Mutations 4. Translocation:Parts of chromosome reattaches to a different chromosome Ex.

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