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Enzymes (Part I)

Enzymes (Part I). Objectives for today. What are enzymes? What do they do? Characteristic of enzymes. Overview . Biological Molecules. Water and Living Organisms . Carbohydrates, Fats and Proteins . Enzymes . Lock & Key hypothesis. Specificity. Factors affecting enzyme reactions.

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Enzymes (Part I)

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  1. Enzymes (Part I)

  2. Objectives for today • What are enzymes? What do they do? • Characteristic of enzymes

  3. Overview Biological Molecules Water and Living Organisms Carbohydrates, Fats and Proteins Enzymes Lock & Key hypothesis Specificity Factors affecting enzyme reactions Speed up chemical Rxn Mode of Action Not chemically altered at the end Of Rxn pH Temperature Lowering Activation Energy

  4. Recap • Functions of food for living organism • Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids • Condensation and hydrolysis

  5. How can the waffle be quickly broken down into individual glucose, lipid molecule and amino acid to provide you with energy?

  6. Hydrolysis in the Lab • However, in laboratory, hydrolysis of complex food molecules like starch takes a long time and to speed things up, high temperature is needed to chemically break down starch molecules!

  7. Hydrolysis in our Body • So, how is it possible that our body can break down food molecules so fastand break down in a relatively low temperature of 37˚C?

  8. Enzymes • Enzymes are biological catalyst… It has mass Most enzymes are made up of proteins There are thousands of different enzymes in our body each with a unique function!

  9. Catalyst ** • “Substance which can alter or speed up a chemical reaction, without itself being chemically changed at the end of the reaction” • Speed up chemical reaction • Without being chemically changed

  10. Crack the seed demonstration! • Need 2 volunteers • Objective is to crack 10 seeds in 1 min • See who is the faster one!

  11. Can we break the glycosidic bonds? Hydrolytic reaction The break up of a disaccharide into monosaccharid is sped up by enzyme ENZYME + + OH OH Water 1 Maltose 2 Glucose

  12. Water Water ENZYME ENZYME OH OH OH OH

  13. Cut the wire Speed up the cutting process! Scissors After cutting, still remain as a scissors! Not altered!

  14. Enzyme Speed up the chemical reaction! Like condensation and hydrolysis ENZYME Not chemically altered at the end of the reaction!

  15. Quick facts • Since it is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction, enzymes can be used over and over again! • An enzyme which helps to break down starch can produce millions of glucose molecules in ONE second!

  16. The Seed cracker is the catalyst! • Speed up chemical reaction • Without being chemically changed

  17. 3. Lower Activation energy Exam! Normal Day 7:29am Products = “ You in school with uniform” 6:20am Reactants = “ You in bed in home clothes”

  18. 3. Lower Activation energy With Enzymes! Without Enzymes Products = “Glucose molecules” Reactants = “ Starch + Water”

  19. Activation energy • Activation energy is defined as the energy needed to start a chemical reaction. • Since activation is lowered, our body can break down many biomolecules at 37˚C. No need any high temperature heating breakdown like those in labs.

  20. Summary

  21. Some review questions • Enzymes are only found in living things • Enzymes cannot be re-used after a chemical reaction since it has undergone chemical reactions • The activation energy is higher for a enzymatic reaction because enzymes need energy to function • Enzymes can only break things down and not build things up

  22. Going a bit further • Where can enzymes be found? • Can they be extracted out of the body and still be functional? • Let’s look at something more close to our lives!

  23. Flies! Do you know how they eat?

  24. HW • Find out what is the meaning of G6PD!

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