Poetry vocabulary

1. Poetry vocabulary April 1, 2014

2. What is poetry? • Literary text which aims to present ideas to evoke an emotional experience from the reader • Uses meter, imagery, rhyme patters, rhythm, and a variety of figurative language to do this

3. rhyme • The repetition of accented vowel sounds that are close together in a poem • End rhyme- occurs at the end of lines • Example: “When in disgrace with fortune and men’s eyes And trouble deaf Heaven with my bootless cries • Internal rhyme- occurs within lines • Example: “Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary” - Edgar Allen Poe, The Raven

4. Rhyme scheme • The pattern of end rhymes which is indicated by assigning each new end line a new letter of the alphabet • “Life is but life, and death but death! ABliss is but bliss, and breath but breath! AAnd if, indeed, I fail,BAt least to know the worst is sweet. CDefeat means nothing but defeat, CNo drearier can prevail!”B - “T’is So Much Joy” Emily Dickenson

5. repetition • Intentional repeating of a sound, word, phrase, line, or idea in order to create a musical or rhythmic effect, build suspense, add emphasis, or give unity • Example” “How much wood can a wood chuck chuck if a wood chuck could chuck wood?”

6. refrain • A repeated word, phrase, line, or group of lines • What is the refrain of this song??

7. meter • A regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry • Measured in units called feet • A foot= 1 stressed syllable and 1+ unstressed syllables

8. assonance • The repetition of similar vowel sounds in words that are close together. • Note: different letter combinations can still make the same sound. • Example: “The breeze stirred the green leaves.”

9. tone • The attitude a writer takes toward the reader, subject, or character which is discovered through the writer’s choice of words and the description of characters and settings • Describe tone of a literary work using an adjective, such as sarcastic • Example: “I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood, and I,I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.” —“The Road Not Taken” Robert Frost • What is the tone of this poem?

10. mood • The prevailing emotions or atmosphere of a work discovered through literary devices. The mood of a work doesn’t always match the subject matter.

11. allusion • An implied or indirect reference in literature to a familiar person, place, or event • Example: Shelby is such a Boo Radley.

12. alliteration • The repetition of initial sounds in neighboring words • Example: Example: “She sells sea-shells down by the sea shore.”

13. imagery • Descriptive language which applies to the 5 senses in order to make the reader feel that they are a part of the story. • Example: A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the Milky Way -- “Daffodils” William Wordsworth • What do you get an image of through this poem?

14. metaphor • The comparison of 2 unlike things without the use of comparison words (Like or as) • Example: The speech gave me food for thought.

15. personification • An object or abstract idea given human qualities • Example: The flowers danced on the lawn.

16. simile • A comparison of 2 things using like or as • Example: The ant scurried as fast as a cheetah.

17. Types of poems we will study

18. sonnet • A 14 line lyric poem • 2 types: Italian sonnet and Shakespearean sonnet • Italian sonnet (Petrarchan)- is divided into 2 parts– • Part 1-an 8 line stanza called an octav • (rhyme scheme=abbabba) • Presents a problem, poses a question, or expresses an idea which leads up to the turn of the poem (the volta) • Part 2- a 6 line stanza called the sestet • (rhyme scheme= cdecdeorcdcdcd) • Resolves, answers, or drives the idea home presented in the octave

19. Sonnet continued • Shakespearean Sonnet-consists of 3 stanzas called quatrains (4 lines) followed by a concluding stanza called the couplet • the 3 quatrains usually express related ideas or examples • The couplet sums up the poet’s conclusion or message • The most common rhyme scheme is ababcdcdefefgg

20. ballad • A song or song-like poem that tells a story • Often use simple language, refrains, and repetition • Usually tell stories of tragedy, adventure, betrayal, revenge, and jealously. • Common ballad stanza consists of quatrain with the rhyme pattern of abcd

21. Haiku • A brief, unrhymed, 3 line Japanese poem • The first line has 5 syllables, the second line has seven syllables, and the third line has 5 syllables • The subject matter usually compares familiar images in a very compressed form which makes the reader use much imagination to understand the connection • Example: From time to timeThe clouds give restTo the moon-beholders. -Bashō

22. Sonnet Author’s we will study

23. Pierre de Ronsard • 1524-1585 • Renaissance sonnet writer • Known for maintaining French vernacular in odes, elegies, and satires • All his works were written in French and translated to other languages later on • Called “The Prince of Poets” • Best known for his four books of Odes

24. William Shakespeare • 1564-1616 • Born in Stratford-on-Avon (100 miles from London) • Successful actor and playwright • Wrote a sonnet sequence of 154 poems • This sequence outlines a mysterious story of a young nobleman who the speaker admires. • Renaissance sonnet writer

25. William Wordsworth • 1770-1850 • Born in the Lake District in northwest England • Early English Romantic poet • His poetry was known to express enthusiasm for childhood memories and deep insights about nature and imagination • Known for his use of the Petrarchan sonnet

26. Time periods our Sonnet Authors were associated with

27. The renaissance • 1300-1650 • Literature reflected a renewed interest in human affairs rather than religious affairs • New literary forms of this period include the sonnet and short prose fiction

28. The Romantic period • 1800-1850 • Romantics are known for their love of nature, the simple life, innovation, individual daring, and the free expression of feelings • Writers idealized lives of those who lived close to nature such as farmers and shepherds (rural life)