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BIOMES

BIOMES. 1. Terrestrial 2. Aquatic !. Deserts- 1/5 of terrestrial environments: less than 10 in rain Desertification-transition to dry arid land, climate changes, anthropogenic!- reduced productive capacity 1. Over grazing (cultivation) 2. Fires 3. Deforestation 4. Water reduction . Tundra.

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BIOMES

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  1. BIOMES 1. Terrestrial 2. Aquatic !

  2. Deserts-1/5 of terrestrial environments: less than 10 in rainDesertification-transition to dry arid land, climate changes, anthropogenic!- reduced productive capacity1. Over grazing (cultivation) 2. Fires 3. Deforestation 4. Water reduction

  3. Tundra Permafrost Alpine (trees-soil draining) Arctic (desert-like)

  4. Chaparral Shrubs, coastal area, hot summer, rainy winters CA/Mediterranean/chile/coastal australia

  5. Taiga Coniferous Forest/Boreal Forest Largest Land Biome Low in Biodiversity/Low Percipitation Open Woodlands/Dense Forests- DEFORESTATION

  6. Temperate Deciduous Forest 4 seasons 1. Ground Layer 2. Herb Layer 3. Shrub Layer 4. Sapling 5. Tree Stratum

  7. Grassland Tropical-Savanna Temperate-Prairies-US! Anthropogenic-grazing

  8. Tropical Rain Forest

  9. Aquatic:Freshwater Marsh vs. Swamp MARSH: Low Lying-No trees Mouth of Rivers SWAMP Heavily forested Low DO water-anoxia

  10. Mangrove Swamps: Harsh Conditions • Anoxia • Coastal Saline Ecosystem • Protect coast: Erosion/Hurricanes/tsunamis

  11. Euphotic Zone: Sun-Primary Producers Phytoplankton=DO!Littoral Zone-Intertidal =Land and Sea Meet: high O/Salinity Temperature/pH/DO Dissolved Oxygen: high cold/rapids/ biodiversity Esturaries

  12. Saltwater: Ocean UPWELLING: wind circulation of water: bring nutrient rich colder water to the top=bring in high NPP, good for fishing PhytoplanktonZooplankton Filter FeedersPredatory Fish

  13. Saltwater: Kelp Forests Very high NPP/biodiversity High Algae Temperate/Arctic Waters

  14. Coral Reefs: Hard/Soft Calcium Carbonate: Limestone Surrounded by low nutrient oceans Sensitive! Temp/acidification/runoff (increases too much nutrients-algae growth)

  15. (usually at least 3 layers) O Horizon-(ORGANIC) Humus: Leaf Litter (varying stages of less decomposition) P Horizon- (ORGANIC) Peats: Distinct from O Horizons in that they form under waterlogged conditions. This layer accumulates iron, clay, aluminum and organic compounds, a process referred to as eluviations. A Horizon- (TOPSOIL):Darker in color than deeper layers and contain more organic material, or they may be lighter but contain less clay . Most biological activity-biomantle for soil organisms usually near roots. E Horizon- (Eluviated): Leached of mineral/organics, leaving pale layer of silicates. Present only in older, well-developed soils.

  16. B Horizon-(Subsoil)-Mineral Layers: Clay , Iron or Aluminum, or organic material which get there by leaching. “Zone of accumulation“, stronger color, roots penetrate. C Horizon-(named b/c after A and B): This layer is little affected by soil forming processes (weathering). May contain lumps of unweathered rock. Contains the most parent material. R Horizon- (bedrock):partially weathered rock that cannot be excavated by hand.

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