EUROPEAN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW PRINCIPLES

1. EUROPEAN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW PRINCIPLES Unit 8

2. Administrative law The set of principles and rules applying to the organization and management of public administration and to the relations between administration and citizens

3. Main administrative law principles 1. Reliability and predictability 2. Openness 3. Accountability 4. Efficiency and effectiveness

4. Reliability and predictability(Legal certainty or judicial security) The rule of law Legal competence Administrative discretion Proportionality Procedural fairness Timeliness Professionalism and professional integrity

5. Rule of law The absolute predominance of regular law, so that the government has no arbitrary authority over the citizen: equal subjection of all (including officials) to law administered by courts Citizens� personal rights and freedoms are protected by law

6. Legal competence Public authorities can only decide on matters for which they have legal jurisdiction Power to decide on an issue of public interest which legally enables the public authority not only to take decisions but also to take responsibility

7. Administrative discretion Discretionary decisions � within a legal framework, some degree of choice left to the decision-maker Law cannot foresee every circumstance in future situations

8. Principles governing the exercise of discretion To act in good faith To pursue the public interest in a reasonable way To follow fair procedures To uphold the requirement of equal treatment To respect the notion of proportionality

9. Proportionality A principle of the EU law requiring that action taken by the EU does not go beyond what is necessary to achieve the objectives of the EC Treaty Originally developed by ECJ, it is now incorporated into Article 5, together with subsidiarity

10. Proportionality Administrative action should be proportionate to the end pursued by the law, without depriving citizens of more than is strictly necessary for achieving that end Reasonableness Example: compulsory purchasing orders (expropriation) � individuals are deprived of property rights for the sake of public interest

11. Proportionality Breach of the principle of proportionality can be used as a ground for judicial review of acts of the EU institutions In order to be proportionate, action must be appropriate, necessary, and not impose an excessive burden on those affected by it

12. Procedural fairness Procedures safeguarding accurate and impartial application of the law, and attention to social values, such as respect for persons and protection of their dignity

13. Timeliness Supports the principles of predicatbility and reliability Delays of public administration � frustration, injustice or severe harm for both public interest and private interests; associated with inefficiency and incompetence of civil servants

14. Timeliness Clear time limits within which things must be done Recruitment scheme based on merit Regular training

15. Professionalism Professional integrity: impartiality and professional independence Absence of bias Legal provisions prohibiting civil servants from getting involved in decisions affecting matters in which they may have a personal or vested interest

16. Professionalism Bribery, duress, uncontrolled political ambition � causes for the loss of independence

17. Professionalism A civil service system where civil servants have a specific statute regulating their right to career advancement, setting up rights and duties, fair and well-regulated income, sound disciplinary provisions

18. Openness and Transparency Openess: administration � available for outside scrutiny Transparency: adminstration can be �seen through� for the purpose of scrutiny and supervision

19. Openess and Transparency 1) Allow anyone affected by an administrative action to know its basis; 2) render outside scrutiny of administrative action by supervisory institutions easier

20. Openess and Transparency Necessary instruments for the rule of law, equality before the law, and accountability

21. Openess and Transparency Protect the public interest as they reduce the likelihood of maladministration and corruption Essential for protecting individual rights

22. Openness and Transparency An administrative act or decision should be accompanied by a statement of reasons: all the facts and evidence, as well as the legal justification

23. Openness and Transparency Statement of reasons � important when an application from an interested party is being rejected; grounds and sufficient degree of justification to enable the interested party to prepare an appeal against the administrative decision

24. Accountability Any administrative body should be answerable for its actions to other administrative, legislative or judicial authorities

25. Accountability No authority should be exempt from scrutiny or review by others Review by the courts, appeal to a superior administrative body, investigation by an ombudsman, inspection by a special board or commission, scrutiny by a parliamentary committee

26. Accountability Essential to ensure values such as efficiency, reliability and predictability of public administration Enhances the rule of law Protects individual rights and public interest

27. Efficiency A managerial value consisting of maintaining a good ratio between resources employed and results attained

28. Effectiveness Ensuring that the performance of public administration is successful in achieving the goals and solving the public problems set for it by law and government

29. Administrative law principles Not formalized in written laws Ethically and legally binding

30. Legal terms Reliability Pouzdanost Predictability Predvidljivost Arbitrariness Samovolja, proizvoljnost Proportionality Nacelo razmjernosti

31. Legal terms Scrutiny Nadzor, temeljito ispitivanje Supervision Nadzor, kontrola Accountability Odgovornost

32. Legal terms Efficiency Ucinkovitost Effectiveness Operativnost, uspje�nost, postizanje �eljenih rezultata Binding obvezujuci

33. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate forms: Timeliness in the action of public administration strongly ____(support) the principles of predictability and reliability. Delay of public administration in ___(make) decisions and ___(take) action can cause frustration, injustice or severe harm for both the public interest and for private interests.

34. Key Timeliness in the action of public administration strongly supports the principles of predictability and reliability. Delay of public administration in making decisions and taking action can cause frustration, injustice or severe harm for both the public interest and for private interests.

35. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate forms Delay can ___(result) from inadequate resources or lack of political resolve. But often it ____(associate, passive) with inefficiency and incompetence of civil servants. Legal rules can help to alleviate the problem by ____(set out) clear time limits within which things must ____(do, passive).

36. Key Delay can result from inadequate resources or lack of political resolve. But often it is associated with inefficiency and incompetence of civil servants. Legal rules can help to alleviate the problem by setting out clear time limits within which things must be done.

37. Fill in the missing words: bias civil, integrity, Professional, relies Professionalism and professional___ in the ___ service supports the notions of reliability and predictability of public administration. ___integrity of civil service ____ upon the notions of impartiality and professional independence. Impartiality refers to the absence of ____.

38. Key Professionalism and professional integrity in the civil service supports the notions of reliability and predictability of public administration. Professional integrity of civil service relies upon the notions of impartiality and professional independence. Impartiality refers to the absence of bias.

39. Assessing, Domain, inclination, interest, particular, right, unjustified Within the public administration ___, bias means having an___ in favour of a___ outcome in ___ a given situation, causing as a consequence an ___or unfair detriment to the general ____ or to the ____ of other interested parties.

40. Key Within the public administration domain, bias means having an inclination in favour of a particular outcome in assessing a given situation, causing as a consequence an unjustified or unfair detriment to the general interest or to the right of other interested parties.

41. Translate Poku�aj utvrdivanja administrativnih nacela uglavnom je pravni po svojemu usmjerenju. Dokument SIGMA zapocinje tezom da je unatoc nacionalnim razlikama moguce dogovoriti zajednicku definiciju upravnog prava kao: �niza nacela i pravila koji se primjenjuju na organizaciju i upravljanje javnom upravom, te odnosima izmedu uprave i gradana.�

42. Translation Europski sud pravde ima va�nu ulogu u oblikovanju tih zajednickih nacela upravnog prava: �Mo�e se reci da danas postoji zajednicki acquis zakonskih nacela upravnog prava koja je razvio Europski sud pravde.� Glavna nacela upravnog prava zajednicka zapadnoeuropskim zemljama mogu se sistematizirati na sljedeci nacin:

43. Translation 1. Pouzdanost i predvidivost (pravna i sudbena sigurnost. Dokument opisuje brojna nacela i mehanizme upravnog prava u nastojanju da se iskorijeni proizvoljnost u vodenju javnih poslova: pravna dr�ava; pravna sposobnost, upravne diskrecione ovlasti (sloboda odlucivanja); nacelo razmjernosti; nacelo proceduralne pravicnosti; pravovremenost; profesionalizam i profesionalni integritet (po�tenje).

44. 2. Otvorenost (uprava je dostupna vanjskoj kontroli) i transparentnost (kroz upravu se mo�e �vidjeti� u svrhu kontrole i nadzora) 3. Odgovornost: svako tijelo javne uprave treba odgovarati za svoje postupke drugim upravnim, zakonodavnim ili sudbenim vlastima

45. 4. Ucinkovitost (vrijednost u upravljanju koja se u osnovi sastoji u dobrom odnosu izmedu ulo�enih sredstava i postignutih rezultata) i uspje�nost (kojom se osigurava da je rad javne uprave uspje�an u ostvarivanju ciljeva i rje�avanju javnih problema koje odreduju zakon i vlada).

46. Ove zajednicke temeljne vrijednosti i nacela javne uprave dovele su do pribli�avanja nacionalnih javnih uprava. Treba primijetiti da navedena upravna nacela nisu formalizirana u obliku pisanih zakona, ili sistematizirana u zakoniku. No, ona su ipak eticki i pravno obvezujuca.

47. Prema dokumentu, postoji �zajednicki acquis koji se sastoji od nacela upravnog prava, koji bismo mogli nazvati neformalizirani acquis u smislu da ne postoji formalna konvencija.� Taj neformalizirani acquis sna�no pridonosi europeizaciji nacionalnih uprava i upravnog prava zemalja clanica EU i ucvr�cuje �europski administrativni prostor� u nastajanju.