210 likes | 301 Views
The Immune System. Pathogens. Defined: microorganisms that cause disease Viruses : turn cells into virus making factories. Pathogens. Defined: microorganisms that cause disease Viruses : turn cells into virus making factories Bacteria : prokaryotes that can release toxic chemicals.
E N D
Pathogens • Defined: microorganisms that cause disease • Viruses: turn cells into virus making factories
Pathogens • Defined: microorganisms that cause disease • Viruses: turn cells into virus making factories • Bacteria: prokaryotes that can release toxic chemicals YouTube clip: Good vs. Bad bacteria
Pathogens • Defined: microorganisms that cause disease • Viruses: turn cells into virus making factories • Bacteria: prokaryotes that can release toxic chemicals • Fungi: pierce cells and absorb the nutrients
Pathogens • Defined: microorganisms that cause disease • Viruses: turn cells into virus making factories • Bacteria: prokaryotes that can release toxic chemicals • Fungi: pierce cells and absorb the nutrients • Protozoans: single cells protista (eukaryotes) Plasmodium causes malaria
Pathogens • Defined: microorganisms that cause disease • Viruses: turn cells into virus making factories • Bacteria: prokaryotes that can release toxic chemicals • Fungi: pierce cells and absorb the nutrients • Protozoans: single cells protista (eukaryotes) • Parasites: grow and feed on a host tapeworms
Transmission • Some carried by wind, water, direct contact, indirect contact… • Vectors: object that carries a pathogen Examples: • Malaria – mosquitos carry the protozoan • Black Death – carried by flea’s of mice • West Nile Virus – carried by birds, but spread by mosquitoes
The Skin • 1st line of defense: physical barrier • Oils & sweat destroy some pathogens • Some pathogens burst…some shrivel bacteria bacteria Skin
Mucus Membranes • Coat the openings of the body • Nose, mouth, ears, eyes, genitals, anus • Lined with cilia & sticky fluids to trap pathogens
YouTube Clip: Types of White Blood Cells (phagocytes) from the BBC YouTube Clip: Types of White Blood Cells (lymphocytes) from the BBC White Blood Cells • Job: Search & destroy
YouTube Clip: Types of White Blood Cells (phagocytes) from the BBC YouTube Clip: Types of White Blood Cells (lymphocytes) from the BBC White Blood Cells • Job: Search & destroy • Type 1: Phagocytes • surround & engulf invaders by phagocytosis
YouTube Clip: Types of White Blood Cells (phagocytes) from the BBC YouTube Clip: Types of White Blood Cells (lymphocytes) from the BBC White Blood Cells • Job: Search & destroy • Type 1: Phagocytes • surround & engulf invaders by phagocytosis • Type 2: Lymphocytes • create antibodies & destroy infected body cells
phagocyte Blood stream bacteria phagocyte
Defense Proteins • Antibodies • Created & released by lymphocytes • Attach to antigens (like handcuffs) antibody Y Y Y Y Y lymphocyte Y Y Y
Defense Proteins • Antibodies • Created & released by lymphocytes • Attach to antigens (like handcuffs) • How do they kill? • Causes pathogens to clump • Weakens the cell membrane of pathogen
B CELLS MAKE ANTIBODIES ANTIBODIES ATTACH TO ANTIGENS OF THE PATHOGEN Blood Stream B B B B Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y phagocyte Y Y Y B B Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y ANTIBODIES CAUSE THE PATHOGENS TO CLUMP TOGETHER PHAGOCYTE DESTROYS PATHOGENS
Sweetie. Don’t be afraid. I told you I would always protect you. Dad…I’m scared. What are we gonna do? Oh no Mr. K. Looks like the killer has us trapped.
Luke. I want you to take my darling Leia and run to safety. Promise me you will look after her. I know she is. I’m sorry I won’t be there for you in the future. But thank you. I promise Mr. K. You’re a good man. Thank you and I want you to know your daughter is in good hands. Dad. I’m confused. Where are you going? You can’t leave me now.
Looks like it’s just you and me now. You’ll never catch my baby. Argh!!!!!
Defense Proteins virus Virus RNA New virus New virus New virus New virus Interferon Interferon Interferon New virus Infected! Not Infected! • Interferon • Cell becomes infected by virus • Infected cell sends interferon to healthy neighbors • Interferon causes healthy cell to create defense enzymes • Healthy cell able to fight virus
Kobe Kuiz • Which part of our immune system coats the openings of the body? • How do lymphocytes differ from phagocytes? • What are antibodies and how do they help keep us from harm? • Which pathogen… absorbs nutrients from living tissue? are prokaryotic? • Which illness is spread by mice? • What is the vector of malaria?