Windows Server 2008 Installation and Configuration Guide

1. Chapter Objectives • Install Windows Server 2008. • Configure networking settings in Windows Server 2008. • Manage storage disks in Windows Server 2008. • Use commands within the Server Core.

2. Installing Windows Server 2008 • Insert a bootable Windows Server 2008 media and power on the physical or virtual server.

3. Installing Windows Server 2008

4. Installing Windows Server 2008 • You will be prompted to enter the Windows product key. • Enter a legitimate Windows product key and click Next.

5. Installing Windows Server 2008 • You will be prompted to either install the full version of Windows Server 2008 or to perform a Server Core installation. • Select a full install. • Click Next to continue.

6. Installing Windows Server 2008 • On the following screen, you'll be prompted to accept the Windows Server 2008 license terms. • Read the license terms and then place a check mark next to I accept the license terms. • Click Next to continue the installation.

7. Installing Windows Server 2008

8. Installing Windows Server 2008 • On the following screen, you'll be prompted to select the hard drive partition on which you wish to install Windows. • Select the appropriate partition and click Next. • The remainder of the installation will run largely automated until completion. • On final reboot, you will be prompted to establish a strong password.

9. Initial Configuration Tasks

10. Initial Configuration Tasks

11. Configuring Basic Network Settings • To configure the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway from the Initial Configuration Tasks screen, click Configure Networking. • The Network Connections screen will open. • Right-click the Local Area Connection icon and click Properties. • Double-click Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4).

12. Configuring Basic Network Settings

13. Configuring Basic Network Settings

14. Configuring Basic Network Settings

15. Windows Firewall • The final task in the initial configuration task list is to configure the Windows Firewall. • Initially, the Windows Firewall is on by default, and this allows you to turn it off or to change the settings.

16. Windows Firewall

17. Server Roles • Server roles define a particular duty that a server might perform on a 2008 network. • Server roles improve security and manageability of Windows Server 2008 computers. • Reduces the attack surface. • You can use the Server Manager console to install one or multiple Server Roles.

18. Server Manager

19. Server Manager – Adding Roles

20. Features • The Add features option allows adding various features and facilities that may be useful or necessary, depending on your network environment and requirements.

21. Server Manager – Adding Features

22. Server Manager - Diagnostics

23. Server Manager - Configuration

24. Server Manager - Storage

25. Storage in Windows Server 2008 • Once you have installed the Windows Server 2008 operating system, you can add and remove physical hard disks and logical partitions to increase or modify the available storage on your server. • Similar to other administrative tasks in Windows Server 2008, you can manage storage options using either a Graphical User Interface or a command-line interface.

26. Server Manager – Disk Management

27. Types of Disks • Basic Disks. • Dynamic Disks.

28. Basic Disks • Use partition tables that are recognized and supported by older operating systems, such as MS-DOS, Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows Me. • Basic disks do not support advanced storage options, such as striped volumes, spanned volumes, and RAID-5 volumes. • All disk drives in a Windows Server 2008 computer begin as basic disks until they are converted to dynamic disks.

29. Dynamic Disks • Provide access to more advanced configuration features. • Once a basic disk is converted to a dynamic disk, that disk can be accessed only by operating systems that support dynamic disks: Windows 2000 Professional, Windows XP Professional, Windows Vista Business, Enterprise or Ultimate, Windows 2000 Server, Windows Server 2003, and Windows Server 2008.

30. Volume • Describes a logical unit of disk space that is made up of space contained on one or more physical disks. Volumes on a dynamic disk can be configured as simple, spanned, mirrored, striped, or RAID-5 volumes.

31. Simple and Spanned Volumes • Simple volume • Consists of free space contained on a single physical disk. • You can configure all of the available space on a disk as a simple volume, or you can configure multiple simple volumes using the space on a single disk. • Spanned volume • Made up of free space from multiple physical disks. • Spanned volumes are not fault-tolerant. • If you lose one disk in the volume, you will lose all data contained on all disks. • Created on 2 to 32 disks.

32. Striped Volume • Made up of free space from multiple disks. • Unlike a spanned volume, though, a striped volume uses RAID-0 striping to interleave the data across the disks. • Improves the read performance of the volume. • Striped volumes are also not fault-tolerant and will not withstand the loss of a disk in the volume. • A striped volume can be created on a minimum of 2 disks and a maximum of 32 disks.

33. Mirrored Volume • Fault-tolerant volume consisting of two physical disks, in which the data on one disk is copied exactly onto the second disk. • This provides data redundancy, such that if one disk in the mirror fails, the other disk will continue to function without loss of data.

34. RAID-5 volume • A fault-tolerant volume where data is interleaved across three or more disks much in the same way as in a striped volume. • Has additional information known as parity. • If one disk in a RAID-5 volume fails, the data contained on the failed disk can be rebuilt using the parity information stored on the disks in the rest of the volume. • A RAID-5 volume can be created using a minimum of three disks and a maximum of 32 disks.

35. Mount Points • When you create a new partition, you can either assign the partition a drive letter, or else you can configure it as a mount point that will appear as a folder within an existing drive letter.

36. Partition Styles • All new disks are initialized as basic disks, and can be initialized using one of two partition styles: • MBR (Master Boot Record) — This partition style is recognized by down-level operating systems. • GPT (GUID Partition Table) — This partition style is recommended for disks larger than 2TB, or disks that are used in Itanium computers.

37. Initialize Disk

38. System and Boot Volume • System volume contains files necessary to boot the computer. • Boot volume contains the Windows operating system files. • The system volume and the boot volume can be, but do not necessarily need to be, the same volume.

39. Server Core • A server installation that possesses an extremely small installation footprint. • Provides only the services required to perform specific roles, such as the DHCP, DNS, file server, or domain controller roles.

40. Server Core

41. Managing Server Core from the Command Line • To list the current TCP/IP configuration: netsh interface ipv4 show config • To configure a static IPv4 IP address: netsh interface ipv4 add address "Local Area Connection" <IP Address> <Subnet Mask> <Default Gateway>

42. Managing Server Core from the Command Line • To add a DNS resolver: netsh interface ipv4 add dnsserver "Local Area Connection" <DNS Server IP Address>

43. Managing Server Core from the Command Line • To set the correct time zone for the Server Core computer: timedate.cpl

44. Windows Activation • To help address the ongoing issue of software piracy, Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 include tools to assist administrators in automating and managing the licensing process for operating system software on their network. • Volume Activation is used to manage the licensing process for volume licenses of both Vista as well as Windows Server 2008. • Volume Activation can eliminate the need to manually enter a product key when the operating system software is installed, and it allows you to protect and manage volume license keys throughout an organization.

45. Windows Activation • Microsoft offers two types of software keys for a Windows Vista or Windows Server 2008 network, depending on the needs of your specific situation: • Multiple Activation Key • Key Management Service (KMS)

46. Multiple Activation Key • Used for a one-time activation with Microsoft’s hosted activation service. • A MAK key can be activated via the Internet, over the phone, or by using the Volume Activation Management Tool (VAMT).

47. Key Management Service (KMS) • Allows you to host an activation service locally within your own network. • KMS allows you to contact the Microsoft activation service one time to activate your KMS host, after which all activation traffic is managed locally. • Required to have a minimum of 25 Vista computers and five Windows Server 2008 computers. • Any computer on your network that has been activated by an internal KMS host will attempt to “check in” with the KMS host every seven days, and will be required to connect to that host at least once every 180 days to maintain its license.

48. Summary • The Windows Server 2008 distribution media contains a bootable system that can be used for a standalone software installation or to repair an existing installation. • Windows Server 2008 will be installed on a single partition specified at the start of the installation process.

49. Summary • Existing files may be preserved, or they can be destroyed by reinitializing the partition to which Windows Server 2008 is installed. • Initial configuration tasks must be performed after the Windows Server 2008 software is installed to finish preparing it for use. • These tasks include setting system parameters and passwords, adding server roles, adding server features, and setting up Windows Firewall.

50. Summary • Network addressing is fundamental to successful communication between systems. • DNS provides name resolution to allow meaningful names to be used to refer to network addresses.