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FAO and the Post-2015 Development Agenda. May 2015. Post-2015 – building on the MDGs. The MDGs have been groundbreaking – the most successful development push in history Poverty and hunger have fallen but progress has been uneven across regions
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Post-2015 – building on the MDGs • The MDGs have been groundbreaking – the most successful development push in history • Poverty and hunger have fallen but progress has been uneven across regions • New priorities have emerged since 2000: governance, environmental sustainability, addressing price volatility
Post-2015: what’s new and why it’s important • The Post-2015 Agenda will set global goals and targets adaptable to countries for next 15 years • Builds on ongoing MDG work at country level – UNDAF/MAF • SDGs: country-driven, universal, transformative, human rights-based • Time for countries to highlight priorities not supported in the past to ensure Agenda reflects their goals
Global Thematic Consultation onHunger, Food Security and Nutrition • Co-led by FAO and WFP with the support of IFAD • Participation of a wide range of stakeholders • Highlighted the importance of structural change in global governance and increased role and accountability of all actors • Madrid Statement (April 2013): “Hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition can be ended sustainably by 2025” • Outcomes were reflected in HLPEP/SG report
Global Thematic Consultation onHunger, Food Security and Nutrition II • Calls for investments to empower the critical agents of change: women and men small scale producers, fishers, forest users, livestock keepers, indigenous peoples, and rural entrepreneurs. • Promote gender equality and women's empowerment, guarantee secure access to and control over financial and productive resources, and enhance their "access to markets, means for value addition, business opportunities, and critical knowledge, extension and information services and offer new models of doing business."
Post-2015: A Member State-led process with UN System support • Rio+20 follow-up: Member States’ Open Working Group (OWG) on SDGs [9/12 9/14] • Post-2015 UN Development Agenda negotiations [9/14 9/15]
OWG Background: The Open Working Group (OWG) on the Sustainable Development Goals for the post-2015 development agenda completed its work on 19 July 2014 and the final report was welcomed by the UN General Assembly, which decided that this “shall be the main basis for integrating sustainable development goals into the post-2015 development agenda”
Sustainable agriculture, food security, nutrition and in the SDGs The report offers a comprehensive vision for food security, nutrition, and sustainable agriculture (Goal 2) and for the sustainable use and management of natural resources (inter alia, Goals 12, 14 and 15). Goal 2 is very much inspired by the five pillars of the UN Zero Hunger Challenge
FAO in OWG’s 17 proposed SDGs • End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture (Goal 2) • Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development (Goal 14) • Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss (Goal 15)
FAO in OWG’s 17 SDGs (cont.) • End poverty in all its forms everywhere (Goal 1) • Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all (Goal 6) • Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns (Goal 12)
The proposed SDGs well reflect FAO’s holistic approach to food security, nutrition and sustainable natural resource use • 805 million – 1in 9 – suffer from hunger • By 2050, world population is projected to rise from over 7 to over 9 billion • To feed 9 billion, global food production will need to increase by 60 % At the same time… • Natural resources are deteriorating - more people but less water, farmland • The planet’s ecosystems are stressed and biological diversity of living things, seeds and breeds etc, are being lost at an alarming rate • Climate change poses an added threat to global food production We can no longer look at food security and the use of natural resources separately
A closer look at SDG 2 Goal 2 is very much inspired by the five pillars of the UN Zero Hunger Challenge Addresses food security, malnutrition, smallholder productivity and incomes, sustainable and resilient agricultural production, and biological diversity.
Target 2.1 • By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round • The current formulation reflects FAO’s view, and is both ambitious and measurable
Target 2.2 • By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons • The targets reflect internationally agreed commitments, and appropriately cover all dimensions of malnutrition
Target 2.3 • By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment • The target covers the critical role of small scale producers, as a priority target group • The target explicitly mentions their access to services and productive resources
Target 2.4 • By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality • The target refers to food production systems, enabling a comprehensive approach along the value chain • The target covers the role of agriculture in providing resilience to shocks, disasters, and restoration of land and soil quality
Target 2.5 • By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and ensure access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed • The target recognizes the importance of agriculture in the conservation of genetic resources. • It also covers the whole spectrum of genetic resources.
Target 12.3 • By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses • It is important to note that loss and waste are very different phenomena that need dedicated attention. In addition, no baseline is available for either loss or waste.
Goal 2 Means of Implementation Targets • 2.a Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in rural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development and plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productivity capacity in developing countries, in particular in least developed countries. • 2.b Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets, including through the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural export subsidies and all export measures with equivalent effect, in accordance with the mandate of the Doha Development Round • 2.c Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information, including on food reserves, in order to help limit extreme food price volatility
The new figures suggest good progress but also a challenging path ahead • According to the latest edition of the State of Food Insecurity in the World, a joint RBA publication, 805 million people—one in nine people—remain chronically hungry. • The proportion of undernourished people has fallen from 18.7 in 1990-1992 to 11.3 percent in 2012–14 globally, and from 23.4 to 13.5 percent for developing regions. • Since 1990, 63 developing countries have met the goal of reducing by half the proportion suffering from hunger. • The MDG 1c global target of halving the proportion of chronically undernourished of the world’s population is within reach—but only if we can accelerate progress in the year ahead.
What comes next… the Post-2015 ‘package’ • Post-2015 goals and targets • Consolidation and clustering (?) • Development cooperation/MoI • Renewed Global Partnership for Development • 3rd Financing for Development Conference (Addis, July 2015) • Monitoring and accountability • High Level Political Forum (HLPF) in ECOSOC • Development of indicators – UN Statistical Commission • Post-2015 HoS/G Summit - September 2015
Developing an indicator framework I • Preparations are underway to develop a viable indicator framework for SDG monitoring. On February 6th 2015, the UN Technical Support Team (TST) – a coordination mechanism for technical inputs from the UN System into the intergovernmental Post-2015 process – compiled a preliminary proposal of possible indicators for the SDGs and their targets. • FAO has been working with a range of actors to explore indicators that can effectively monitor progress towards the SDG targets.
Developing an indicator framework II • The UN Statistical Commission (UNSC) - an intergovernmental body - is expected to discuss and agree on the process and modalities for the development of the indicator framework at its forthcoming forty-sixth session (3 - 6 March 2015). • It is at the subsequent forty-seventh session, in February/March 2016, that the UNSC is expected to agree in some form on the indicator framework (and the set of indicators) for the measurement and monitoring of the SDGs.
Defining indicators • A guiding principle: the need to keep the list of indicators that will form the core of the SDG monitoring framework as manageable as possible. • The number of indicators at international level will have to be kept at a minimum and the indicators should be mainly outcome indicators. • By contrast to the MDGs, indicators will indeed be universal, which means that all countries will need to report on them, even though they may sometimes adapt the targets to their particular country situation.
Defining indicators • A key challenge: develop indicators that can be measured in a cost-effective and practical manner by countries. There is a recognition that there are many dimensions of sustainability for which only limited data exist and for which data collection is likely to prove prohibitively expensive. • The SDG targets related to small-scale producers and equal access to resources, such as targets 1.4, 2.3 and 5.a, are amongst those which are very difficult to capture with existing indicators, while more relevant indicators are at an early stage of development. • It is also very challenging to capture targets emphasizing the “sustainable use and management” of natural resources, and this includes measuring things like in situ biodiversity, land and soils quality, and food losses and waste.
Need for joint action Covering these gaps, and developing regular data collection mechanisms with reasonable costs while bearing in mind the statistical capacity in different countries, will require continued collaboration with all involved stakeholders in order to improve data systems and further develop viable indicators. We welcome your views on how different stakeholders could be involved in this effort and look forward to an open dialogue for collaboration at national and international level.
The Financing for Development (FfD) process The third International Conference on Financing for Development (FfD) will be held in Addis Ababa, from 13 to 16 July 2015. It will gather high-level political representatives, including Heads of State and Government, as well as all relevant institutional stakeholders, NGOs and business sector entities. The Conference will culminate in an intergovernmentally negotiated and agreed outcome, which should constitute an important contribution to the post-2015 agenda.
FfD process continued • The success of the post-2015 development agenda, including the SDGs, will thus depend to a large extent on reaching an agreement on a range of means of implementation(MoI) at the FfD Conference. • The means of implementation, as defined in the Open Working Group (OWG) Report, include finance as a well as a range of non-financial means such as technology transfer, capacity building, trade, policy and institutional coherence; multi-stakeholder partnerships; and data, monitoring and accountability.
The Global Partnership for Development It will also be critical to build a renewed global partnership (based on lessons learned from MDG 8) to tackle the Post-2015 agenda. This will call for fulfilment of development assistance commitment – including, but not limited to ODA –, enhancing North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation, as well as fostering partnerships between multiple actors and across a broad range of areas.
