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Study Aid Pg 4

Study Aid Pg 4. Paige Downing Zak Kassim. Nervous System page 6!. By: Alisha Murray, Holden Jones, Matt Ayers. . Brain Stem?. The brain stem is the lower part of the brain that is made up of Pons, Medulla and the midbrain

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Study Aid Pg 4

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  1. Study Aid Pg 4 Paige Downing Zak Kassim

  2. Nervous System page 6! By: Alisha Murray, Holden Jones, Matt Ayers.

  3. Brain Stem? • The brain stem is the lower part of the brain that is made up of Pons, Medulla and the midbrain • It is considered the pathway for ascending and descending tracts (messages)

  4. Parts of the brain stem • Pons- Located in front of the cerebellum, between the midbrain and the medulla-contains the center that controls respiration • Medulla oblongata- bulb-shaped structure between pons and spinal cord, and is responsible for HEART RATE and BLOOD PRESSURE • Midbrain- located right above the pons and the medulla and controls your vision and hearing

  5. SPINAL CORD! • The spinal cord is located in the back and begins at the foramen magnum and continues on to the 2nd lumbar vertebrae.

  6. Description • • White and soft, in spinal canal • • Surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid • • Functions as: 1. Reflex center 2. Conduction pathway to and from the brain

  7. Peripheral Nervous system • All of the nerves of the body and ganglia • Autonomic nervous system is specialized part of PNS

  8. Nervous system Simonton, Venable, Workman, West

  9. Motor Neurons • MOTOR NEURONS (EFFERENT) – carry messages from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands

  10. Associative neurons • ASSOCIATIVE NEURONS (INTERNEURONS) – carry impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons

  11. Synapse • SYNAPSE – space between neurons, messages go from one cell to the next

  12. Nerve Impulse • Nerve impulse – A STIMULUS creates an IMPULSE.

  13. Impulse • The impulse travels into the neuron on the dendrite(s) and out on the axon. At the end of the axon, a NEUROTRANSMITTER is released that carries the impulse across the SYNAPSE, to the next dendrite.

  14. Divisions of the Nervous System • 1. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM – brain and spinal cord • 2. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM – cranial • nerves and spinal nerves • 3. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM – includes peripheral nerves and ganglia, supplies heart muscle, smooth muscle and secretory glands, involuntary action

  15. The Brain • 3 lb mass of soft nervous tissue

  16. The Brain & Its Coverings • Brock Fuller, Lindsay Brown, Sidney Callahan, & Gabrielle Capps

  17. Nervous System By: Wilma Wearing Ashley Terry Brianna Hargrove & Patric Mason

  18. Central nervous system • Communication and coordination system of the body • Seat of intellect and reasoning • Consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

  19. NEURON • Nerve cell • Transmits a message from one cell to the next • Has a nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane

  20. DENDRITES Nerve cell processes that carry impulse to cell body May be one or many

  21. AXON • Carries impulse away from cell body • Only one on a neuron

  22. NEURILEMMA (MYELIN SHEATH) • Covering that speeds up the nerve impulse along the axon • Myelin is a fatty substance that protects the axon

  23. SENSORY NEURONS (AFFERENT) Emerge from the skin or sense organs, carry impulses to spinal cord and brain

  24. The Brain • 3 lb mass of soft nervous tissue • 100 billion neurons 3 lb mass of soft nervous tissue • Protected by skull, three membranes called meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid • Adequate blood supply is needed, brain tissue will die in 4-8 mins with O2 • Divided into 4 major parts: cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, brain stem

  25. Coverings of the Brain • Meninges • Dura Mater – outer brain covering, lines the inside of the skull, tough dense fibrous connective tissue. • SUBDURAL SPACE – between dura and arachnoid • ARACHNOID – middle layer, resembles fine cobweb, • PIA MATER – covers the brain’s surface, comprised of blood vessels held together by connective tissue • SUBARACHNOID SPACE - between arachnoid and pia mater,filled with • CEREBROSPINAL FLUID – acts as a liquid shock absorber and source of nutrients for the brain.

  26. Games • http://www.purposegames.com/game/the-meninges-of-the-brain-and-spinal-cord-quiz • http://www.purposegames.com/game/midsagittal-section-of-the-brain-meninges-quiz

  27. Ventricles of the Brain • Brain contains 4 cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid called Cerebral Ventricles • Right and Left Lateral ventricles • Third ventricle behind and below lateral ventricles • Fourth ventricle is below the 3rd.

  28. Choroid Plexus • Network of blood vessels lining the ventricles which helps in the formation of cerebrospinal fluid

  29. Cerebrospinal Fluid • Forms inside ventricles of the brain • Serves as a liquid shock absorber protecting the brain and spinal chord.

  30. Blood-Brain Barrier • Choroid plexus capillaries prevent substances (like drug) from penetrating brain tissue- this makes infections, like meningitis, difficult to cure.

  31. Lumbar Puncture • Removal of CSF from spinal canal, needle puncture between 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae.

  32. Cerebrum • Largest part of the brain • Divided into R and L hemispheres by deep groove (longitudinal fissure)

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