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Part 8 Change and the Future

Explore the mechanisms of cultural change, the role of innovation and diffusion, and the impacts of modernization on societies worldwide. Learn about the causes of cultural change and the conditions that lead to rebellion and revolution in different contexts.

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Part 8 Change and the Future

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  1. Part 8Change and the Future The Challenge of Globalization

  2. Part Outline • Chapter 26 Processes of Change • Chapter 27 Global Challenges, Local Responses, and the Role of Anthropology

  3. Chapter 26 Processes of Change

  4. Chapter Outline • Why do cultures change? • How do cultures change? • What is modernization?

  5. Causes of Cultural Change • Accidents, including the unexpected outcome of existing events. • People’s deliberate attempt to solve some perceived problem. • Change may be forced upon one group in the course of especially intense contact between two societies.

  6. Mechanisms of Cultural Change • Innovation • Diffusion • Cultural loss • Acculturation

  7. Innovation • The ultimate source of change: some new practice, tool, or principle. • Other individuals adopt the innovation, and it becomes socially shared. • Primary innovations are chance discoveries of new principles. • Secondary innovations are improvements made by applying known principles.

  8. Acceptance of Innovation • Depends partly on its perceived superiority to the method or object it replaces. • Also connected with the prestige of the innovator and recipient groups.

  9. Are Human Practices Always Adaptive? • In the U.S. it is not adaptive to deplete groundwater in regions of fast-growing populations.

  10. Dvorak and QWERTY keyboards • Although superior, Dvorak has not been adopted due to the head start enjoyed by QWERTY.

  11. Diffusion of Tobacco

  12. Increasing Refugee Populations

  13. Conditions for Rebellion and Revolution • Loss of prestige of established authority. • Threat to recent economic improvement. • Indecisiveness of government.

  14. Conditions for Rebellion and Revolution • Loss of support of the intellectual class. • A leader or group of leaders with enough charisma or popular appeal to mobilize the population against the establishment.

  15. Armed Conflict in the 1990s

  16. Applied Anthropology • Arose as anthropologists sought to provide colonial administrators with more understanding of native cultures. • Later, anthropologists tried to help indigenous people cope with outside threats to their interests.

  17. Process of Modernization 4 Subprocesses • Technological development • Agricultural development • Industrialization • Urbanization

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