Week of November 2 Chapter 11, 12 Warm Ups

1. Week of November 2 Chapter 11, 12 Warm Ups

2. MONDAY’S VOCABULARY 3/5th clause: counting of African Americans in determining representation in the lower house of Congress by the Constitution Lame duck: An elected officeholder or group continuing in office during the period between failure to win an election and the inauguration of a successor (political goose is cooked!). In this case, the Federalists decision between Burr and Jefferson. patronage: the power of elected officials to grant government jobs to party members to create and maintain strong party loyalties

3. QUESTION OF THE DAY Which of these was not a position formerly held by President Thomas Jefferson?(A)  governor of Virginia(B)  secretary of state(C)  vice-president of the United States(D)  president of the 1787 Constitutional Convention(E)  member of Virginia's House of Burgesses

4. ANSWER: (D)  President of the 1787 Constitutional Convention George Washington served as president of the Constitutional Convention in 1787. Jefferson was Minister to France at that time. Jefferson did however serve in Virginia's House of Burgesses, as governor of Virginia during the Revolutionary War, as the first Secretary of State, and as vice-president to political enemy John Adams. Jefferson's greatest skills were probably not as a politican or diplomat, however, but as a political philosopher and visionary. He penned the Declaration of Independence and following his terms as president, planned the curriculum and designed the buildings of the University of Virginia. At a dinner of Nobel Prize winners in the White House in 1962, President John Kennedy ad libbed "I think this is the most extraordinary collection of talent and of human knowledge that has ever been gathered together at the White House – with the possible exception of when Thomas Jefferson dined alone."

5. TUESDAY’S VOCABULARY • pell mell: indiscriminate; disorderly; confused as in the pell mell manner in which Jefferson seated his guests at official dinners. • partisan: of, pertaining to, or characteristic of partisans; partial to a specific party or person. • impeachment: first step in the constitutional process for removing the president from office in which charges of wrong doing are passed by the House of Representatives and then judged in a trial conducted by the Senate. Supreme Court justice Samuel Chase was the first to suffer attack of ‘high crimes and misdemeanors’ charges.

6. QUESTION OF THE DAY John Marshall, America's leading juristSource: Wikimedia Commons (public domain) Why did Thomas Jefferson oppose the judicial appointments John Adams made in March 1801?    (A)   Adams made the appointments after Jefferson's inauguration as president    (B)   according to the Judiciary Act of 1789, judges were to be elected, not appointed    (C)   Adams was seeking to retain Federalist control of the judicial branch of the government    (D)   Chief Justice John Marshall had advised him that Adams' actions were unconstitutional    (E)   he still resented Adams' treatment of him when Jefferson was vice-president

7. (C)   Adams was seeking to retain Federalist control of the judicial branch of the government As Adams prepared to leave office, he saw the appointment of federal justices, the so-called Midnight Judges, as a way to keep Federalist influence intact in at least one branch of the federal government, as Democrat-Republicans now controlled the Congress and the presidency. Jefferson challenged the appointments and, in the first case in which a law was ruled unconstitutional, Chief Justice John Marshall ruled in Marbury v. Madison that the Judiciary Act of 1789 violated the Constitution.

8. WEDNESDAY’S VOCABULARY Judicial review: The right of the courts to judge the constitutionality of laws passed by Congress and the state legislatures. This power is implicit within the federal Constitution and was first practiced by the Supreme Court in Marbury v. Madison in 1803. war hawks:any of the Congressmen from the South and West, led by Henry Clay and John Calhoun, who wanted war against Britain in the period leading up to the War of 1812.

9. QUESTION OF THE DAY University of Virginia, designed by Thomas JeffersonImage Source: Wikipedia Commons (public domain) Which of the following was not a belief of Thomas Jefferson?    (A) a person's religious beliefs were not another person's concern    (B) small farmers represented the ideal American citizen    (C) tyranny was to be opposed wherever it was found    (D) cities provided the best setting for citizens to achieve their potential    (E) an educated citizenry was essential for America's future success

10. ANSWER: (D) cities provided the best setting for citizens to achieve their potential Jefferson viewed small self-sufficient farmers as the ideal American citizens. He despised manufacturing and cities. He wrote in 1787: "I think our governments will remain virtuous for many centuries; as long as they are chiefly agricultural" and in 1800: "I view great cities as pestilential to the morals, the health and the liberties of man."

11. THURSDAY’S VOCABULARY Butternuts: Confederate soldier or partisan, esp. one whose uniform was dyed with an extract from this tree “Peculiar institution” black slavery in the southern U.S. before the Civil War.

12. QUESTION OF THE DAY Which of the following was not a contributing cause of the War of 1812?(A) the influence of the War Hawks in Congress(B) the impressment of American sailors by British ships(C) the discovery of weapons and ammunition supplied to Indians by the British(D) the Chesapeake-Leopard incident(E) the Hartford Convention

13. ANSWER: (E) the Hartford Convention The War Hawks desire for Canadian lands, the impressment of sailors, the Battle of Tippecanoe where British guns and ammunition were discovered, and the Chesapeake-Leopard incident all helped lead to the War of 1812. The Hartford Convention met in 1814 and discussed plans by Federalists to break away from the United States  but the peace treaty was signed before the members' grievances could reach Congress.