Origins of World War II and the American Response

1. We need our phones today! Origins of World War II and the American Response

2. Agenda: February 9th, 2016 • Warm Up: Political Cartoon Analysis (10 minutes) • RPS World Domination Simulator (30 minutes) • Appeasement (10 minutes) • Closure: How do we use this today? (5 minutes) • Goal: I can describe America’s prewar stance by playing the Appeasement game.

3. Essential Questions

4. Warm Up Activity • View the political cartoon drawn by Dr. Seuss, using context clues create a definition for the word appeasement.

5. RPS World Domination • Who likes free stuff? • Today we will be playing a game where you can earn free prizes. • Follow the directions carefully to be successful today! • You must work with a partner at your table group…if this doesn’t work find a partner elsewhere in the room.

6. RPS World Domination- Rules • Today’s game has 2 rounds. Round 1 will be a series of rock, paper, scissors, and round 2 will be a series of negotiations. • The envelope in front of you marked “Phase 1” contains 4 prizes. With your partner, play a game (the best of 7 rounds) of rock, paper, scissors. • The winner (Player A) can choose which 3 of the 4 prizes he/she would like. The loser (Player B) can have the 4th prize.

7. Round 1 – Reflection • Student A – Which prizes did you keep? • Student B – Which prize did you get? • Is this distribution of prizes fair? Why or why not?

8. RPS World Domination -Round 2 • The envelope marked “Phase 2” has 3 more prizes. You will pull each prize out one at a timeand negotiate who gets to keep it. • You may only look at one prize at a time, and you may not negotiate for a prize that someone already has. • Do your best to decide who should get which prize, and convince each other why. • Individual directions for round 2…

9. Round 2 – Reflection • 1. What emotions did you feel during round 2? • 2. During the negotiations, who took the first one or two prize tokens? • 3. (Student B) What strategies did you use to get those first couple tokens? • 4. What happened when you tried to negotiate for the last prize? Why didn’t the negotiations work? • 5. Did anyone truly win?

10. Appeasement • A. (def.) Giving in to an enemy’s demands to avoid conflict and maintain peace. • B. WWII, like all major conflicts, began with a series of significant actions and reactions • C. Britain, France, and U.S.A. appeased countries like Germany, Italy & Japan in hopes of avoiding conflict • D. Eventually, war would be the only option against the aggression of the Axis Powers. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlin and Hitler shake hands (1938)

11. Closure In what daily situations is ‘appeasement’ most useful?Is it a good strategy to use for worldwide issues and potential war?

12. Origins of World War II and the American ResponseDay II

13. Agenda: February 9th, 2016 • Warm Up: Create a Fireside Chat to calm the American Public (15 minutes) • FDR’s Goals and Political Cartoon Analysis (10 minutes) • Action Reaction Activity (30-45 minutes)

14. Can you explain the American response to the events that lead up to World War II? GOAL

15. Goal Setting: Warm Up • Role: President Franklin D. Roosevelt • Audience: The American public: Fireside Chat • Format: A brief response to a reporter’s question. (2-3 sentences) • Topic: Knowing the poor conditions growing in Europe, how do you calm down the nation? • Record answer under the warm up section of handout.

16. F.D.R.’s goals in 1936 • Slow down the world’s drift to war. • Keep the U.S. out of war if one occurred.

17. Neutrality Laws of 1935 • 1935- Prevented the U.S. from supplying arms, ammunitions, and implements of war to nations in conflict. • Additional neutrality acts in 1936 and 1937 designed to keep the country out of conflicts brewing in Europe.

18. What do you see in this cartoon? What does the flag indicate we are going to do? What does the ship’s name indicate we are going to do? Based on what you know about the neutrality laws, which one is more correct and why?

19. What do you see in this cartoon? Who does the seated man represent? What is the ship attempting to do? Which side is winning out? Why?

20. 1935-1936 Germany remilitarizes • Hitler announced the formation of a German air force and compulsory military service. • In 1936, he sent troops into the Rhineland, a German region on the border with France. • These actions all challenged the Treaty of Versailles.

21. World Reaction • The League of Nations lodged a formal protest against these actions but refused to consider sanctions against Germany.

22. 1935 Italy invades Ethiopia • The Italian army, under Mussolini, invaded Ethiopia. • The Ethiopian forces could not stop the invasion, and Italy annexed the country in 1936. • Hitler and Mussolini soon formed a treaty of friendship known as the Rome–Berlin axis.

23. World Reaction • Ethiopia appealed to the League of Nations for help. The League voted to impose economic sanctions against Italy, including an oil embargo. • The United States was asked to join the oil embargo against Italy, but Roosevelt refused to do so.

24. 1936–1939 Germany and Italy aid nationalists in Spanish Civil War • Italy and Germany backed a military rebellion in Spain led by General Francisco Franco. • They provided the Nationalists with supplies, weapons, and troops. • The Nationalists eventually overthrew Spain’s democratic republic and set up a rightwing dictatorship.

25. World Response • Although some volunteers, including 3,000 Americans, fought against the Nationalists, only the Soviet Union officially aided the Republicans in the Civil War. • The U.S. Congress passed neutrality acts in 1936 and 1937, which kept the United States out of the conflict.

26. Decision- Mounting Aggression in 1937 and 1938 • Role: President Franklin D. Roosevelt • Audience: The American public • Format: A 30 second segment of a Fireside Chat radio address. • Topic: How should the United States respond to the mounting aggression in 1937 and 1938 in Europe and Asia? • Read the handout and write your answer in your notebook.

27. 1937 Japanese troops massacre civilians in Nanjing • The Japanese army captured the city of Nanjing. • Japanese soldiers went on a six-week rampage, killing approximately 300,000 Chinese civilians and raping about 20,000 Chinese women.

28. World Reaction • Roosevelt made a speech calling for a quarantine against aggressor nations like Japan. • However, the speech had little effect, as Japan invaded French Indochina, Formosa, Korea, large areas of China, and several small Pacific islands.

29. Decision- Continuing Aggression in 1938 • Role: President Franklin D. Roosevelt • Audience: The American public • Format: A 30 second segment of a Fireside Chat radio address. • Topic: How should the United States respond to the continuing aggression in 1938 in Europe and Asia? • Read the handout and write your answer in your notebook.

30. 1938 German Anschluss (union) with Austria • Hitler pressured the Austrian government to join with Germany. • In March, Hitler’s army crossed the border without opposition. • Hitler declared a political union, or Anschluss, between the two countries.

31. World Reaction • Britain and France were passive spectators as Germany expanded into Austria.

32. Decision- Aggression in 1939 and 1940 • Role: President Franklin D. Roosevelt • Audience: The American public • Format: A 30 second segment of a Fireside Chat radio address. • Topic: How should the United States respond to the continuing aggression in 1939 and 1940 in Europe and Asia? • Read the handout and write your answer in your notebook.

33. 1939 Germany invades Czechoslovakia • In the Munich Pact, Hitler acquired the Czech region of the Sudetenland and promised it would be his “last territorial demand.” • However, in March 1939, he broke the pact and invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia.

34. World Response • Britain and France were angered over Hitler’s breaking of the Munich Pact and declared that any further attacks by Germany on small states would trigger war.

35. 1939 Germany attacks Poland • Germany signed a nonaggression pact with the USSR, which freed German forces to invade Poland. • Germany used blitzkrieg tactics to attack so quickly that Polish forces were not able to mobilize. • Soviet forces also invaded from the east, and Poland quickly fell.

36. World Response • France and Britain followed through with their original announcement and declared war on Germany. • However, they were not able to do anything to stop the invasion and the takeover of Poland.

37. U.S. Response • After World War I, many Americans vowed to stay out of European affairs forever. Two days after the invasion of Poland FDR claimed “This nation will remain a neutral nation, but I cannot ask that every American remain neutral in thought as well…Even a neutral cannot be asked to close his mind or his conscience…I have said not once, but many times, that I have seen war and hate war…As long as it is in my power to prevent, there will be no blackout of peace in the U.S.” • Radio speech September 3, 1939

38. 1940 Germany invades Low Countries and France • Hitler moved troops to Germany’s western borders. • He attacked and captured the Low Countries and invaded France, trapping French and British troops along the coast. • Italy declared war on Britain and France.

39. World Response • Britain sent every boat possible to evacuate the trapped British and French (Allied) forces. • France surrendered to Germany. • Germany occupied most of France. • Southeast France was controlled by a puppet government.

40. 1940 Germany attacks Britain (Battle of Britain) • German planes flew raids against British ports, airfields, and industry. • Later, the bombing raid targets were shifted to large cities.

41. World Response • British fighter pilots successfully shot down more than 600 German aircraft during the Battle of Britain. • British citizens withstood the bombing raids. • The raids diminished as Germany was unable to replace the lost aircraft. • The United States began sending aid to Britain under the Lend-Lease Act.

42. America’s response in 1939 and 1940 • “Cash and Carry” • The first peace-time draft is enacted in the United States. • Lend-Lease Act enacted.

43. Lend-Lease Act

45. 1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor • Three hundred Japanese bombers and fighter planes attacked the U.S. military base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. • They crippled the U.S. Pacific Fleet, sinking or damaging 18 ships and destroying or damaging 300 aircraft.

46. World Response • The next day, President Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan.

47. Using the hindsight of history, decide which event should have led America into World War II. Based on that event, create a real Fireside Chat podcast using Audacity to justify your decision with historical information. Role: President Franklin D. Roosevelt Audience: The American public Format: A 1 minute segment of a Fireside Chat radio address. Topic: How should the United States respond to aggression in Europe and Asia based on the event of your choice? Fireside Chat Assignment

48. Axis Control in 1942

49. Timeline Assignment • Create a timeline of the following events: • Pearl Harbor • The Neutrality Act of 1936 • Munich Pact • Germany remilitarizes the Rhineland • Lend/Lease Act • Rome-Berlin Axis • Battle of Britain • German Anschluss with Austria • German annexation of Czechoslovakia • Cash and Carry • Non Aggression Pact between USSR and Germany • Embargo of Japan • German invasion of Poland

50. Put the events in the correct chronological order • Pick 5 of the most significant events and create a visual to symbolize them. With the same 5 events, write a paragraph to explain why they are significant to you.