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Creating Sounds and MIDI: Fundamentals for Creating New Sounds

Learn about creating sounds using sine and rectangular waves, object and class (static) methods, and different computing concepts. Understand how to create sine and square waves with varying frequencies and amplitudes. Practice creating and exploring sound waves in Java.

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Creating Sounds and MIDI: Fundamentals for Creating New Sounds

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  1. Creating Sounds and MIDIpart 1 Barb Ericson Georgia Institute of Technology Oct 2005 Georgia Institute of Technology

  2. Learning Goals • Creating New Sounds • Using sine waves • Using rectangular waves • Computing concepts • Object methods • Class (static) methods • Object methods versus class methods Georgia Institute of Technology

  3. Creating a Sound • Sounds have cycles • Of positive and negative values • We can create a new 1 second sound by using a sine wave • The amplitude will affect the volume • The frequency of the cycle will affect the pitch • If we want to get 440 Hz we will need to finish the cycle in 1/440 seconds (called the interval) • The samples per cycle is the interval * samplingRate Georgia Institute of Technology

  4. Object Methods • So far we have created object methods • Object methods must be invoked on an object • And they work on the object • Which is implicitly passed to an object method • And can be referenced using the ‘this’ keyword • Examples • pictureObj.show() • soundObj.play(); • turtleObj.forward(); Georgia Institute of Technology

  5. Class (Static) Methods • Can be invoked using the class name • Or invoked on an object • Are used for general methods • Like Math.abs(num); • Also used to create objects of the class • Sound s = Sound.createSineWave(); • Can only work with class (static) fields • Not object fields • Are declared with the keyword static • Usually after the visibility Georgia Institute of Technology

  6. Create Sine Wave Class Method public static Sound createSineWave(int freq, int maxAmplitude) { String file = FileChooser.getMediaPath("sec1silence.wav"); Sound s = new Sound(file); double samplingRate = s.getSamplingRate(); double rawValue = 0; int value = 0; double interval = 1.0 / freq; // length of cycle in seconds double samplesPerCycle = interval * samplingRate; double maxValue = 2 * Math.PI; Georgia Institute of Technology

  7. Create Sine Wave Class Method - Cont // loop through the length of the sound for (int i = 0; i < s.getLength(); i++) { // calculate the value between -1 and 1 rawValue = Math.sin((i / samplesPerCycle) * maxValue); // multiply by the desired max amplitude value = (int) (maxAmplitude * rawValue); // set the value at this index s.setSampleValueAt(i,value); } return s; } Georgia Institute of Technology

  8. Testing Create a Sine Wave • To create a sound with 880 Hz and a maximum amplitude of 4000: • Sound s = Sound.createSineWave(880,4000); • s.explore(); Georgia Institute of Technology

  9. Invoking a Class Method Exercise • Use the class method • createSineWave(freq,maxAmplitude) • To create 4 sounds and save each to a file • Try freq = 440 and maxAmplitude = 8000 • Try freq = 440 and maxAmplitude = 10000 • Try freq = 880 and maxAmplitude = 8000 • Try freq = 880 and maxAmplitude = 10000 • Try invoking the method on a sound object • Does this work? Georgia Institute of Technology

  10. Class Methods • All methods are compiled and the code for the methods is stored in the object that defines the class • An object of the class called class • Object methods must be called on an object • And the object is implicitly passed to the method • Class methods can be called using the class name or on an object of the class • Objects always have a reference to their class Sound Class : Class Methods for the class Class fields s1: Sound Object fields s2: Sound Object fields Georgia Institute of Technology

  11. Creating Square Waves • To create a square shaped wave we can use positive and negative values • and switch between them at the halfway point in the cycle • Pass in the desired frequency and maximum amplitude • Calculate the interval (1 / freq) • Calculate the samples per cycle • Interval * sampling rate • Calculate half of the samples per cycle • Loop through the whole sound • Init a sampleCounter to 0 • If the sampleCounter < the halfSamplesPerCycle • Use maxAmplitude • Else • Use -1 * maxAmplitude • If the sampleCounter is >= samplesPerCycle reset it to 0 Georgia Institute of Technology

  12. Create Square Wave Exercise • Write a class (static) method • createSquareWave(int freq, int maxAmplitude); • It should generate and return a sound • With a length of 1 second • That is comprised of square waves • Use it to generate • Try freq = 440 and maxAmplitude = 8000 • Try freq = 440 and maxAmplitude = 10000 • Try freq = 880 and maxAmplitude = 8000 • Try freq = 880 and maxAmplitude = 10000 • Compare the square waves and sine waves Georgia Institute of Technology

  13. Summary • You can create a sound • Given a desired frequency and amplitude • Object methods must be called on an object of the class • They work with the fields of the object • Class methods can be called using Class.method(); • Can also be called on an object of the class Georgia Institute of Technology

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