Chapter 43 Mammals

1. Chapter 43Mammals Section 3 Diversity of Mammals

2. Mammalian Orders • Mammals are classified into a single order of monotremes, 7 orders of marsupials, & about 18 orders of placental mammals

3. Monotremes • Order Monotremata • Egg-laying mammals • Duckbill platypus- Australia- water resistent fur, webbed feet & flattened tail • Spiny anteater- Australia- feed on ants & insects- sticky tongue

5. Marsupials • Order Marsupialia • Majority live in Australia, and some live in New Guinea • Virginia opossum- only marsupial in USA • Have pouch to raise young in

7. Placental Mammals • Nearly 95% of all mammalian species are placental mammals

8. Order Xenarthra • Anteaters, armadillos, & sloths • Location: N. America, C. America, & S. America • Xenarthra- “strange joints” • Feed on insects or plants

10. Order Lagomorpha • Rabbits, hares, & pikas • Double row of upper incisors, with two large front teeth backed by two smaller ones • Teeth grow throughout lifetime & adapted to herbivorous diet

12. Order Rodentia • Rodents: squirrels, marmots, chipmunks, gophers, muskrats, porcupines, mice, & rats • Rodent’s teeth consist of a few molars or premolars and two pairs of incisors that grow all of the rodent’s life

14. Order Primates • Lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, gibbons, apes, & humans • Omnivores; large brains • Forward-facing eyes for depth perception • Grasping hands, feet, and tails

16. Order Chiroptera • Mammals that truly fly- bats • Wing- modified front limb with a membrane of skin that stretches between digits • Use thumbs for walking, climbing, & grasping • Small eyes & large ears for echolocation- active at night

18. Order Insectivora • Shrews, hedgehogs, & moles • N. America, Africa, & Europe • Most have long, pointed noses that help them probe the soil for insects • Have sharp teeth to grasp & pierce prey

20. Order Carnivora • Animals that eat meat- carnivores • Dogs, cats, raccoons, bears, hyenas, otters, seals, & sea lions • Strong sense of smell and sight • Strong jaws, large teeth, clawed toes • Aquatic carnivores- pinnipeds- sea lions, seals, walruses

22. Order Artiodactyla • Hoofed animals- ungulates • Ungulates with even number of toes- artiodactyls- deer, cattle, giraffes, pigs, and camels • Herbivores- most have rumen • Molars are flat and large for grinding plants

24. Order Perissodactyla • Ungulates with an odd number of toes- perissodactyls • Horses, zebras, rhinoceros, & tapirs • Location: Africa & Asia • Have a cecum

26. Order Cetacea • Whales, dolphins, porpoises • Lack hind-limbs, have tails • Totally aquatic, but evolved from land • Breathe through modified nostrils- blowhole • Use echolocation to locate prey, navigate, & communicate • Toothed whales- dolphins, orcas, sperm whale

28. Order Sirenia • Manatees and dugongs • Herbivores • Location: tropical seas, estuaries, and rivers • Closely related to elephants- evolutionary speaking

30. Order Proboscidea • Asian and African Elephant • Largest living land mammal • African elephant- 13,200 lbs • Feed on plants for 18 hours each day • Nose is modified into trunk for grasping “proboscis”

32. Other Orders • The 12 orders just described include most of the familiar placental mammals. • The 6 remaining orders contain just 1% of the mammalian species.

33. REVIEW!!! • Which continent is a natural home of both monotremes and marsupials? • Compare manatees to toothed whales.