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Isolationism and Neutrality

Isolationism and Neutrality. American Foreign Policy between World War I and World War II. © Student Handouts, Inc. Isolationism and Neutrality. BASIC DEFINITIONS Isolationism – Neutral with no trade Nation’s foreign policy calls for neither economic nor political ties with other countries

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Isolationism and Neutrality

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  1. Isolationism and Neutrality American Foreign Policy between World War I and World War II © Student Handouts, Inc.

  2. Isolationism and Neutrality BASIC DEFINITIONS • Isolationism – Neutral with no trade • Nation’s foreign policy calls for neither economic nor political ties with other countries • Neutrality – Neutral with trade • Nation’s foreign policy calls for not taking sides in any international argument, controversy, dispute, or war • International trade is okay, so long as it does not involve picking sides in a dispute

  3. Historical Antecedents • George Washington • Proclamation of Neutrality, 1793 • No U.S. involvement or aid in the French Revolution • Farewell Address, 1796 • U.S. should avoid “entangling alliances” • James Monroe • Monroe Doctrine, 1823 • U.S. would leave Europe alone, and Europe should leave the Western Hemisphere alone

  4. World War I • United States entered the war reluctantly • United States did not enter the war until 1917 • Many Americans regretted entering the war • Dalton Trumbo’s Johnny Got His Gun • Anti-war novel about a WWI soldier who lost his limbs and face, and could communicate only through Morse code by moving his head • Published in 1939 – popular and praised by critics • United States did not join the League of Nations

  5. U.S. Foreign Policy during the Great Depression of the 1930s 1934 Federal investigation led by Senator Gerald Nye Question: Why did the U.S. enter World War I? Answer: Armament manufacturers and financiers wanted to earn profits. Conclusion: The U.S. should avoid foreign wars. 1935, 1936, 1937 Senate forbade U.S. membership in the World Court (1935) Neutrality Acts (1935, 1936, 1937) permitted only “cash and carry” sales, with no loans or weapons sales, to nations at war 1937 Japanese invaded China FDR’s quarantine speech – aggressor nations were the world’s disease

  6. Review Questions • What is the difference between isolationism and neutrality? • How did George Washington and James Monroe shape early United States foreign policy? • How did Americans of the 1930s feel about World War I? • How did the United States act to remain neutral during the 1930s?

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