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Feeding and Managing Cows on High Grain Diets

Feeding and Managing Cows on High Grain Diets. Steve Paisley UW Extension Beef Specialist. Historical Example of Limit-Feeding Winter Rations. Limit-Feed?. Feed Hay?. CURSE. C ull the herd rigorously U se alternative feeds R e-sort, analyze, and R ation hay

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Feeding and Managing Cows on High Grain Diets

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  1. Feeding and Managing Cows on High Grain Diets Steve Paisley UW Extension Beef Specialist

  2. Historical Example of Limit-Feeding Winter Rations

  3. Limit-Feed? Feed Hay?

  4. CURSE • Cull the herd rigorously • Use alternative feeds • Re-sort, analyze, and Ration hay • Substituting grain for our forages • Early weaning Gerry Kuhl, KSU

  5. Energy Value of Corn vs Hay Dry, shelled corn: 2.60 / bu = $.046 / lb = $93/ton As-fed 86% DM, 1.02 Mcals/lb $.046 ÷ .86 = $.054 / lb DM $.054 ÷ 1.02 Mcal/lb = $.053 / Mcal NEm Average Hay typically = .55 Mcal / lb, so: an equivalent hay price would have to be: $.053 X .55 = $.029 / lb DM $.029 X .88 = $.0256 / lb As-fed = $51 / ton

  6. Relative price/ton for native hay Formula used: 1 lb of 12% native hay = .4835 lb corn + .1153 lb SBM

  7. Dried Corn Gluten Feed, $/tonPrice comparison based on corn/SBM mix balanced for equal NEm (.94 Mcal/lb) and CP (25%) Formula used: 1 lb of CGF = .57 lb corn + .387 lb SBM

  8. Distillers Dried Grains + Solubles, $/tonPrice comparison based on corn/SBM mix balanced for equal NEm (.99 Mcal/lb) and CP (25%) Formula used: 1 lb of DDGS = .629 lb corn + . 375 lb SBM

  9. Wheat Midds, $/tonPrice comparison based on corn/SBM mix balanced for equal NEm (.85 Mcal/lb) and CP (18.4%) Formula used: 1 lb of Midds = .609 lb corn + .246 lb SBM

  10. Beet Pulp, $/tonPrice comparison based on corn/SBM mix balanced for equal NEm (.81 Mcal/lb) and CP (11%): 25% Dry Matter Formula used: (DM Basis) 1 lb of beet pulp = .709 lb corn + .091 lb SBM

  11. Alternative Roughages: • Stalks/Stover • Ammoniated straw • Sudan Hays • Low quality forages

  12. Limit-Fed Wintering Ration Studies:

  13. Limit-feeding corn to gestating beef cows, Year 1 Loerch, 1996 abMeans differ (P<.05) Hay $80/ton, Corn $2.00/bu Supp $150/ton * 36% Protein supplement with 3.6% Ca and 1% Phos (As-fed) ** Trial was conducted from November through Mid-April

  14. Limit-feeding corn to gestating beef cows, Year 2 Loerch, 1996 abMeans differ (P<.05) Hay $80/ton, Corn $2.00/bu, Supp $150/ton * 36% Supp. with 3.6% Ca, 1% Phos (As-fed) 60 g/lb Monensin ** Trial was conducted from November through Mid-April

  15. Limit-feeding corn to gestating beef cows, Year 3 Loerch, 1996 abMeans differ (P<.05) ; cdMeans differ (P<.08) Hay $80/ton, Corn $2.00/bu, Supp $150/ton * 36% Protein supplement with 3.6% Ca and 1% Phos (As-fed) ** Trial was conducted from November through Mid-April

  16. Whole shelled corn vs rolled in limit-fed diets Cattle were fed for 62 days (between calving and breeding) Tjardes et al.1998

  17. UW Limit-fed Wintering Diet Control High Fat Millet Hay 10 lbs 10 lbs Rolled Corn 14 lbs 11 lbs Protein Supp. .9 lbs - Fat Supp. - 3.70 lbs % CP 10.28 9.39 % TDN 75.36 75.15

  18. UW Limit-fed Cow Condition Control High Fat Initial wt, BCS 60 d prior to calving 1333 (5.08) 1333 (5.05) Mid - weight, BCS avg 19 d postpartum 1330 (5.49) Breeding wt, BCS avg 60 d postpartum 1274 (5.36)

  19. Calf Performance, UW Study aVigor score at calving: 1 = alert vigorous, active; 2 = alert, able to stand; 3 = lethargic, unable to stand; 4 = dead at birth. bCalf rectal temperature taken within 24 h after birth.

  20. UW Estrous Synchronization • 60 d Postpartum • EAZI-BREED CIDR • 1 Shot PGF2 Remove CIDR PGF2 Injection Insert CIDR CIDR Heat Detect and Breed Day 7 Day 13 Day 0

  21. All Cows % Heat Detection 93.46 % 1st Service 30 d 67.32 % 1st Service 75 d 62.09 Response to Synchronization (72.03%)

  22. Feeding and Management

  23. Occasionally, limiting intake may be a good thing!!

  24. Rough guidelines for limit-fed rations based on corn grain OSU Factsheet F-3028

  25. What to Expect • Aggressive behavior at the bunk • Consume ration in as little as 20 to 30 minutes • Lots of “free time” to pace, crib • Takes 1 to 2 weeks to “adapt” • Increased roughage may help • Variation in weight gains/losses? • Hay/concentrate ratio • Bunk Space?

  26. Herd Management • Consider sorting herd into 2 - 3 groups: • Bred Yearlings • Young and Thin cows • Mature Cows in Good Condition • Consider limit-feeding just one group • Watch cattle closely • May not work for all cows • Monitor condition of cows and adjust accordingly

  27. Feed Management • Work up to limit-fed diet slowly • Start with 3-4 lb grain plus free choice hay • Increase grain by no more than 1 lb/day • When grain level is reached, begin removing hay • Ionophores very beneficial • Consistent, accurate feeding • Good management essential

  28. Feed Management • Balance separately for gestation and lactation • High Calcium (feedlot) mineral • Vitamin A? • Whole shelled vs ground corn?

  29. Example Limit-Fed Wintering Rations: Corn Prairie Hay - Meadow Brome Hay, 14% CP

  30. Example Limit-Fed Wintering Rations: DDGS Prairie Hay - Meadow Brome Hay, 14% CP

  31. Example Limit-Fed Wintering Rations: Beet Pulp Prairie Hay - Meadow Brome Hay, 14% CP Beet Pulp - 25% Dry Matter

  32. Example Limit-Fed Wintering Rations: Beet Pulp + DDGS Prairie Hay - Meadow Brome Hay, 14% CP Beet Pulp - 17% Dry Matter

  33. Additonal Questions • Birth weights of calves • Birth weights appear to be slightly increased, but calving difficulty is not affected • Re-breeding • No reported effect on subsequent re-breeding rates

  34. Final thoughts • Cattle will take at least 2 wks to adjust • Work cattle up slowly • Feed extra hay when daily feeding is late/missed

  35. Final thoughts • Consider limit-feeding only part of the herd • Sort cattle into groups • Balance rations separately for late gestation and lactation • Safety of ration: • Long-stemmed vs ground hay • ionophore • processing and amount of grain

  36. Choose the Feeding Program That Fits Your Operation

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