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Psychological Health

Psychological Health. Chapter Three. Psychological Health. Contributes to every dimension of wellness. Defining Psychological Health Positively (presence of wellness) Negatively ( absence of sickness). Defining Psychological Health.

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Psychological Health

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  1. Psychological Health Chapter Three

  2. Psychological Health • Contributes to every dimension of wellness. • Defining Psychological Health • Positively (presence of wellness) • Negatively ( absence of sickness)

  3. Defining Psychological Health • Abraham Maslow’s “Toward a Psychology of Being” (1960’s) • Self-Actualization • Positive definition • Ambitious outlook that encourages us to fulfill our own potential. • Hierarchy of needs • Studied very successful people (Self-actualization) • Abraham Lincoln, Henry David Thoreau, Ludwig van Beethoven, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Albert Einstein • Realism • Acceptance • Self-concept • Self-esteem • Autonomy • Inner-directed • Other-directed • Authenticity • Intimacy • Creativity

  4. Figure 3.1 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

  5. What Psychology Health is Not • Not the same as psychological normality. • Mentally normal simply means being close to average • Psychological diversity • Range of ideas, lifestyles and attitudes • “Mentally ill” versus “Mentally healthy”

  6. Meeting Life’s Challenges • Growing Up Psychologically • Developing Adult identity • Developing Intimacy • Developing Values and Purpose

  7. Erikson's Eight Stages of Personality DevelopmentTable 3-1

  8. Achieving Healthy Self-Esteem • Developing a Positive Self-Concept • Begins in childhood • Integration • Stability • Meeting Challenges to Self-Esteem • Challenge is your self-concept • Acknowledge that something has gone wrong • Notice your patterns of thinking • Develop realistic self-talk • Being less defensive • Being optimistic

  9. Achieving Healthy Self-Esteem (continue) • Maintaining honest communication • Assertiveness training • Dealing with loneliness • Dealing with anger • Managing your own anger • Dealing with anger in other people

  10. Table 3-2 Defense and Coping Mechanisms

  11. Psychological Disorders • Anxiety Disorders • Simple phobia or Specific phobia • Fear of something definite • Most common and most understandable • Social phobia • 15 million Americans • Fear of humiliation or embarrassment while being observed by others • Panic disorders • Sudden unexpected surges in anxiety • Rapid and strong heart beat • Shortness of breath • Loss of physical equilibrium • Feeling of losing mental control • Agoraphobia

  12. Psychological Disorders • Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) • Reaction to future threats is to worry • Worries have taken over • Obsessive-Compulsive disorder (OCD) • Obsessions – recurrent, unwanted thoughts • Compulsions – repetitive, difficult-to-resist actions • Post-Traumatic Stress disorder (PTSD) • Reaction to a severely traumatic event • Treatment for anxiety disorders • Medication • Psychological interventions • Cognitive-behavioral

  13. Mood Disorders • Depression • Demoralization • Feeling of sadness and hopelessness • Loss of pleasure • Poor appetite • Insomnia • Restlessness • Thoughts of worthlessness • Trouble concentrating • Thoughts of death or suicide • Dysthymicdisorder • Symptoms for longer than 2 years • Suicide • Warning signs • Men have a higher incidence than women • Treatment • Electroconvulsive therapy • Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

  14. Recognizing the Warning Signs of Suicide Expressing the ‘wish’ to be dead Increasing social withdrawal/isolation Sudden inexplicable lightening of mood Previous history of attempts Suicide by a family member or friend Readily available means of committing suicide History of substance abuse or eating disorders Serious medical problems

  15. Figure 3-2 Rates of Suicide per 100,000 people in the United States

  16. Psychological Disorders • Mania and Bipolar Disorder • Gender differences • Equal numbers of men and women suffer, women are nearly twice as likely as men to be clinically depressed • Schizophrenia • Uncertain about what causes it • General characteristics • Disorganized thoughts • Inappropriate emotions • Delusions • Auditory hallucinations • Deteriorating social and work function

  17. Models of Human Nature and Therapeutic Change • Four Different perspectives • Biological • pharmacological therapy • Antidepressants • Mood stabilizers • Antipsychotics • Anxiolytics and hypnotics (sleeping pills) • Stimulants (Ritilin, ADHA) • Anti-dementia • Behavioral • Stimulus, response, and reinforcement • Practice exposure • Cognitive • Ideas, attitudes, behaviors and feelings • Psychodynamic • Thoughts • Evaluation of the models • Combining different therapies

  18. Getting Help • Self Help • Books • Writing a journal • Religious • Social groups • Peer counseling and support groups • Professional • Determine the need • Choosing a mental health professional • Psychiatrists • Clinical psychologists • Social workers • Licensed Counselors • Clergy • Treatment Team

  19. Psychological Health Chapter Three

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