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Psychological Compromises of Physical Health

Psychological Compromises of Physical Health. Behavioral Medicine- interdisciplinary approach to the treatment of physical disorders thought to have psychosocial factors as major aspect in their maintenance and causation Psychogenic Illness- psychologically induced or maintained disease.

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Psychological Compromises of Physical Health

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  1. Psychological Compromises of Physical Health • Behavioral Medicine- interdisciplinary approach to the treatment of physical disorders thought to have psychosocial factors as major aspect in their maintenance and causation • Psychogenic Illness- psychologically induced or maintained disease

  2. Cardiovascular Disease • The Psychological Contribution • Historically viewed as related to Type A • Excessive, Competitive Drive, Impatience, Time Urgency, Hostility or Free Floating Anger. • Currently Hostility Viewed as Major Contributor • Free-Floating (non-specific, cynically distrustful) • Possible Association with Status Insecurity • Changing ones emotional style can reduce risk.

  3. Eating Disorders • High Frequency of comorbidity • Depression, Addiction, Restricting Types of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder • Significant increase in disorder appears to be due in part to societies “ideal body” focus • Prevalence estimates are 4%

  4. Anorexia Nervosa • Anorexia Nervosa Criteria • Intense fear of gaining weight • Refusal to maintain adequate nutrition • Loss of original body weight (85%) • Disturbance of body image • Absence of 3 menstrual periods • Subtypes are restricting and Binge-eating/Purging

  5. Bulimia Nervosa • Criteria include • Frequent occurrence of binge eating with a sense of loss of control of the overeating process • Recurrent inappropriate behavior intended to prevent weight gain • Purgatives, exercise, thyroid meds • Freq 1-2 times per week for 3 mos • Undue concern of body image

  6. Bulimia Nervosa (cont) • Subtypes include purging (usually more severe) and nonpurging • Compared to the denial and complacency of anorexia nervosa, the bulimic is preoccupied with control. Lack of leads to guilt etc. • Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified

  7. General Causal Factors • Self-Ideal Body Image Discord • Average body weight of women have increased while icons have decreased at same rate • Biological Factors • Set point theory (drives hunger) • Psychopathological Vulnerability • Personality Neuroticism • Dysfunctional Cognitive Styles

  8. Specific Risk and Causal Factors • Personality Characteristics • Highly emotionally reserve and cognitively restrictive • Prefer routine, predictable, and adapt poorly to change • Show heightened conformity • Avoid risk and experience strong feelings of distress • Focus excessively on perfectionism

  9. Specific Causal (cont) • Family Patterns • Mothers as overbearing, controlling, ambivalent with affection • Fathers as emotional absentees • Limited tolerance of disharmonious affect • Emphasis on rule-mindedness • Overdirection and Autonomy restrictive • Poor conflict resolution skills • Double messages (bulimic)

  10. Treatment of Eating Dis. • Anorexia Nervosa • Stabilize the Patient • CBT • Bulimia Nervosa • CBT • Normalize • Replace Binge and Purge (Smaller Portions) • Scheduled Diet • Change Dysfunctional Thought Patterns

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