Bio 9C: Wednesday, January 27, 2010 Title: Cell Specialization, Part 2

1. Bio 9C: Wednesday, January 27, 2010Title: Cell Specialization, Part 2 • Homework: • Read Section 35-2 (pgs 897-900). and take notes using active reading strategies – see assignment sheet for details. • Do Now: • Look over your midterm exam • In your notebook, write down: • One thing you did well • One thing you could have improved on • Any questions you have about the midterm • On the anonymous survey, respond to the survey questions honestly. • Today’s Objectives: • Review the Midterm Exam and answer MAJOR questions (individual issues need to be discussed after school) • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions

2. Today’s Agenda • Review Midterm Exam results • Class and grade results • Major questions you have • Cell Specialization Investigation • Worksheet w/ a partner • Class discussion & brief notes • Notes on neurons and divisions of the nervous system

3. Midterm Exam Results Class Data Graphed • Number of 9C Students with each exam score • 19 students with passing score Grade on 2009 Midterm Exam

4. Investigate Cell SpecializationSpecialized Cells have Specialized Structures “Typical” Cell “Mystery” Cell • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

5. The Nervous System PHA Biology 9 Moretti and Dickson

6. Neurons:Structure and Function • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

7. Neurons:Structure and Function • Neuron = a specialized nerve cell • Function: communicate with body organs by sending electrical signals (impulses) • Structure: • Long branches send and receive signals • Cell body coordinates incoming and outgoing signals

8. Neurons:Structure and Function • Dendrites:branched extensions, carry impulses toward cell body Cell Body: nucleus & organelles • Axon:Takes impulses away • from cell body • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

9. Neurons:Structure and Function Axon Cell Body Dendrites • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

10. Nervous System:The 2 Major Divisions • Central Nervous System • Brain and spinal cord • Brain: Processes information and controls responses • Spinal cord: Links brain to other nerves and controls reflex responses. • Peripheral Nervous System • All other nerves throughout the body • Motor neurons send info from brain to muscles • Sensory neurons send info from sense organs to brain • Objectives for Class: • Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components Image: Adam, Inc.; http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/08/01/health/adam/8679.jpg

11. Nervous System:Major Divisions Working Together • Objectives for Class: • Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components

12. Bio 9C: Thursday, January 28, 2010Title: Reaction Time Lab • Homework: • Complete the Reaction Time Lab analysis • Do Now: • Briefly Review Pre-Lab • Today’s Objectives: • Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

13. Lab: Testing the Reaction Time of Different Muscle Groups • Abstract: When a glass drops from a table and shatters, you turn your head to see what happened. This is just one example of how your nervous system senses and responds to stimuli. In this lab, we will test how fast you can react to various stimuli. First, I’ll need a volunteer with cat-like reflexes for a quick demonstration. Then, you’ll test the reaction time of different muscle groups (fingers vs. arms) by measuring how far a meter stick falls before you can catch it. • Demo • Part I – Measuring Reaction Time of Finger Muscles • Complete Lab and Record Data • Part II – Measuring Reaction Time of Arm Muscles • Complete Lab and Record Data • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

14. Reaction Time Lab: Class Averages

15. Bio 9C: Friday, January 29, 2010Title: Structure and Function of Nerve Cells • Homework: • In notebook – 2 paragraphs summarizing class notes (see assignment sheet for details…) • How do the brain, spinal cord, sensory nerves, and motor nerves work together to sense and respond to a stimulus? • How does the structure of a neuron fit its function? • Prepare for Monday’s in-class essay (quiz grade) by completing the last question on the Reaction Time Lab • Explain how the nervous, muscle, and skeletal systems worked together to allow you to sense and react to the stimulus in this lab experiment. As part of your answer: • Begin with the stimulus (you can choose one of the experiments you did in class, not both). • Explain how the structures of the Nervous System sense the stimulus, transport an impulse, and transmit it to the Muscle System (10 pts) • Explain how the structures of the Muscle System receive the impulse and turn into an action (contraction). (4 pts) • Explain how the Muscle System connects to the Skeletal System and causes movement (6 pts) • Be sure to include appropriate vocabulary and terminology. • Do Now: • What is the difference between a dendrite and an axon? • How do they relate to the overall function of a neuron? • Today’s Objectives: • Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

16. Neurons:Structure and Function • Dendrites:branched extensions, carry impulses toward cell body Cell Body: nucleus & organelles • Axon:Takes impulses away • from cell body • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

17. Nerve Impulse:A “wave” of electricity that travels through the neuron 3 Steps of a Nerve Impulse: • Dendrites are stimulated by a stimulus (environment or other neuron). • Electric impulse travels to cell body. • Cell body sends an impulse down the axon to the axon terminals. Stimulus! (Sound, smell, sight, taste, another neuron’s signal) • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

18. The “wave” of a nerve impulse • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

19. Neurons communicate with other cells Other neurons Synapse: The place where a neuron connects to another cell Motor neuron Muscle cell

20. Communication At the Synapse • Axon terminal releases neurotransmitter (a tiny signal molecule). • Neurotransmitter diffuses across synapse and signals the next cell. • This triggers an impulse in the next cell. • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

21. Communication w/ Muscle Cells • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body