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MECAG 4203 IRRIGATION PRINCIPLES SPRING 2005 INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Michael A. Kizer

MECAG 4203 IRRIGATION PRINCIPLES SPRING 2005 INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Michael A. Kizer 228 Ag Hall 744-8421 (office) 744-5653 (secretary – Pat in 218 Ag Hall) mkizer@okstate.edu OFFICE HOURS: Normally available in office daily;

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MECAG 4203 IRRIGATION PRINCIPLES SPRING 2005 INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Michael A. Kizer

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  1. MECAG 4203 IRRIGATION PRINCIPLES SPRING 2005 INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Michael A. Kizer 228 Ag Hall 744-8421 (office) 744-5653 (secretary – Pat in 218 Ag Hall) mkizer@okstate.edu OFFICE HOURS: Normally available in office daily; Call before making a special trip to be sure that I am in. GRADER: TBA PREREQUISITE: Math 1513 (College Algebra) COURSE MATERIALS: Class notes by Eisenhauer, Martin, and Hoffman (University of Nebraska); Purchase notes (Cost: $25) at OSU Bookstore; Various class handouts FINAL EXAM: Tuesday, May 1, at 10:00-11:50 AM in Room 225 AGH GRADING: Homework (35%) + Hour Exams (40%) + Final (25%) = 100%

  2. Exams are open book and open notes. Homework will be collected at the beginning of class on the date due. Late homework may be turned in (for half credit) up to the beginning of the next class. For homework turned in after that time, no credit will be given. Homework is to be done neatly and in pencil, with the answers clearly identified. Show all work if you wish to receive any partial credit for an incorrect answer. Staple all pages together and be sure your name is on each page. Attendance is not explicitly a part of the grading criteria. However experience has shown that class attendance has a high correlation with performance on homework and exams. It’s very difficult to learn the material if you aren’t in class on a regular basis. In assigning letter grades at the end of the semester, the numerical scores will be “curved”. In other words, your grade will depend on how well you perform relative to the rest of the class, and how well the entire class performs relative to previous classes. The “curve” can’t hurt you, meaning that any score above 90 will be an A, 80-90 will be at least a B, 70-80 at least a C, and 60-70 at least a D. Academic dishonesty will not be tolerated. You are encouraged to discuss concepts and homework problems with your fellow students, but direct copying of someone else's homework answers is not allowed. Failure to work the homework problems yourself is almost always reflected in poor performance on the examinations.

  3. READING ASSIGNMENTS ChapterTopic Pages 1. Introduction 1-12 2. Soil Water-Plant Relationships 13-52 3. Measuring Water Applications 53-76 4. Plant Water Use 77-123 5. Irrigation System Performance 124-161 6. Irrigation Scheduling 162-195 7. Salinity Management 196-220 8. Irrigation Hydraulics 221-253 9. Water Delivery Systems 254-277 10. Surface Irrigation 278-309 11. Sprinklers 310-351 12. Set Move/Traveler Systems 352-387 13. Center Pivots & Lateral Moves 388-415 14. Microirrigation 416-447 15. Landscape Irrigation 448-474

  4. Reading Approx. Assignment# of Periods A. Introduction Class orientation Chapter 1 1 Importance of irrigation pp. 124-127; 159-160 Types of irrigation systems, Irrigation in OK B. Water Measurement Chapter 3 1 Units; Volume balance (Qt=Ad); Flow measurement C. Soil-Water Relationships Chapter 2 3   Soil properties; Water in soils; Infiltration; Soil water measurement  D. Irrigation Water Requirements Chapter 4 1 Evapotranspiration pp. 127-160 Efficiencies and uniformities; System capacity  E. Irrigation Scheduling Chapter 6 2   Principles; Moisture accounting; Other methods  F. Irrigation Water Supply Chapter 9 3 Surface water; Ground water and wells; Chapter 7 Water quality; Water law Hour Exam 1 (TBA) 1

  5. Reading Approx. Assignment# of Periods G. Pipeline Hydraulics pp. 222-236 2 Basic relationships; Friction loss pp. 458-464 H. Pumping Plants   Types of pumps; Pump characteristics; Pump selection pp. 237-252 4 Power units; Pumping costs  I. Sprinkler Irrigation pp. 124-125 5 Types of systems pp. 159-160 System components Chapter 11 Sprinkler performance Chapter 12 Hydraulics of laterals Chapter 13 Other design/management considerations pp. 448-457; 465-473 Hour Exam 2 (TBA) 1 J. Microirrigation pp. 126-127 2 Types of systems; System components p. 159 Emitter and lateral hydraulics Chapter 14 Other design/management considerations K. Landscape Irrigation pp. 126-127 3 Types of systems; Control systems pp. 159-160 Other design/management considerations Chapter 15 Final Exam Tuesday, May 1, 10:00 – 11:50 AM

  6. Class Notes The lecture notes for class are available online on Dr. Kizer’s personal web page: http://biosystems.okstate.edu/Home/mkizer/index.htm The notes are in MS PowerPoint and can be viewed with the web browser of any campus computer with a network connection. They can also be viewed from off-campus computers which have Internet service. However, be warned that many of the PowerPoint files are large (1 MB to 8 MB in size). If you do not have a high-speed cable modem or DSL service, it will take a long time to read the files via the typical dial-up internet connection. Once you have finished all the slides of a particular file (or any time you want to quit viewing) click on the Back arrow of your browser and you will be returned to the Home page.

  7. If you want to print out copies of the notes for study or review you can do so by using the following steps: Open the target file by clicking on the appropriate hypertext title in the class index; On your web browser’s tool bar click on File and then on Print; In the interest of saving trees, I would suggest that you go to the Print what: drop-down menu of the print window and select Handouts; In the Slides per page: drop down menu select 6 (usually the default value). This will print six, 2-in x 3-in images of the slides per page, which are typically large enough to be read easily; Click on the OKbutton.

  8. Introduction

  9. Importance of Irrigation • Definition • “the supply of water to crops and landscaping plants by artificial means” • Estimates of magnitude • world-wide: 544 million acres • (17% of land  1/3 of food production) • U.S.: 59 million acres • (10% of land  25% of crop value) • annual water withdrawal (world-wide): 870 trillion gallons (6X Mississippi River)

  10. Purpose • Raise a crop where nothing would grow otherwise (e.g., desert areas) • Grow a more profitable crop (e.g., alfalfa vs. wheat) • Increase the yield and/or quality of a given crop (e.g., fruit) • Increase the aesthetic value of a landscape (e.g., turf, ornamentals)

  11. Reasons for yield/quality increase • Reduced water stress • Better germination and stands • Higher plant populations • More efficient use of fertilizer • Improved varieties

  12. Other Benefits of Irrigation • Leaching of salts • Frost protection • Plant/soil cooling • Chemical application • Wind erosion control • Waste disposal

  13. An Historical Perspective • Nile River Basin (Egypt) - 6000 B.C. • Tigris-Euphrates River Basin (Iraq, Iran, Syria) - 4000 B.C. • Yellow River Basin (China) - 3000 B.C. • Indus River Basin (India) - 2500 B.C. • Maya and Inca civilizations (Mexico, South America) - 500 B.C. • Salt River Basin (Arizona) - 100 B.C. • Western U. S. - 1800’s • Involvement of federal government - 1900 (only about 3 million acres then)

  14. Types of Systems • Sprinkler • pressurized irrigation through devices called sprinklers (water is discharged into the air and hopefully infiltrates near where it lands) • used on agricultural and horticultural crops, turf, landscape plants • Surface • Irrigation water flows across the field to the point of infiltration • primarily used on agricultural crops and orchards • Micro (drip, trickle) • frequent, slow application of irrigation water using pressurized systems • used in landscape and nursery applications, and on high-value agricultural and horticultural crops

  15. Rainfall Distribution

  16. Temperature Profile

  17. Alfalfa Irrigation Requirement(inches of irrigation/year)Normal Year

  18. Irrigated Acreage in Oklahoma by County • 2000- • (x 1000 acres) 90 190 34 20 61 16 21 68 52

  19. Irrigation in Oklahoma 2000 Irrigation Survey • About 667,000 irrigated acres • 48% in Cimarron/Texas/Beaver Counties • 24% in Harmon/Greer/Jackson/Tillman counties • 9% in Caddo County • 68% sprinkler irrigation • 28% surface irrigation • 4% microirrigation • 82% using ground water • 18% using surface water

  20. Irrigation in Oklahoma • 51% pumped with natural gas as the energy source • 23% pumped with LP gas as the energy source • 20% pumped with electricity as the energy source • Agronomic crops • Corn (180,000 acres) • Wheat (105,000 acres) • Grain sorghum (57,000 acres) • Cotton (56,000 acres) • Alfalfa (98,000 acres) • Peanuts (60,000 acres) • Horticultural and turf crops • Commercial vegetables (15,000 acres) • Commercial nurseries (5,000 acres) • Golf courses, parks, sod farms (14,000 acres) • Orchards (5,000 acres)

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