Catalyst

1. Catalyst • Take your manila folder, a Catalyst Sheet, and a small piece of blank paper (by Catalyst Sheets) to your desk. • On your Catalyst Sheet, answer the following: • How do Earth’s movements affect our concept of time including days, seasons, and years?

2. Catalyst Answers • Day • 1 day = 1 rotation of Earth (24 hours) • Season • Based on Earth’s revolution around the sun • Changes because of Earth’s tilted axis • 23.5° from vertical • Year • 1 solar year = 1 revolution around sun (~365 days)

3. Agenda • Catalyst • Opening/Objective • Mini-Lesson: Moon Features • Table-Partner Work: Formation Theories • Closing • Exit Ticket • Homework Completion Time! 

4. Announcements • Welcome to your final quarter!  • Let’s make this your most successful quarter yet! • Astronomy Books • Don’t forget to ALWAYS bring these to class! • If you haven’t gotten one, please see me after class.

5. Announcements • Calendar Homework • Due TODAY • Turn-in (INBOX!) at the end of class • If you need a copy (excused absence last class, etc.) • Check the “Extra Copies” folder in the black bin • Assignment is also posted online

6. Objective • By the end of class, CWBAT briefly review the beginnings of space exploration, properly identify features of the Moon’s surface, and will create a foldable analyzing the theories of how the moon formed. • CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.11-12.4 Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain-specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant togrades 11–12 texts and topics.

7. Mini-Lesson • Take out your notebooks and a writing instrument. • Remember: The most important pieces of information are in red/blue, underlined, bolded, or in italics.

8. Highlands, and maria, and craters…oh my! The Moon’s Features

9. Learning About the Moon • For many years all we had were telescopic observations. • Check-In: What are the two types of visible light telescopes? • Reflective telescopes and refractive telescopes • Most of our current knowledge comes from space probes and astronauts.

10. First Satellite • Sputnik I • Launched in 1957 by the Soviet Union • This began the “Space Race” between the Soviet Union and the United States. • Competition for supremacy in space exploration.

11. Extra Credit Opportunity • On the small piece of paper given to you, answer the following: • Who was the first human in space? • (Be sure to put your name at the top!) • 45 seconds • Place in basket as I come around.

12. Guesses?

13. And the Winner Is… • Yuri A. Gagarin • Soviet cosmonaut • What is the difference between a cosmonaut and an astronaut? • Nationality • Astronaut: United States • Cosmonauts: Soviet Union • Went into space in 1961

14. Reaching the Moon • Though the Soviet Union put the first human in space, the United States won the race to the Moon. • Apollo 11 • July 20, 1969 • Buzz Aldrinand Neil Armstrong land on the Moon

15. So What Did They See? • The lunar surface is very different from the surface of Earth. • Any examples you can think of?

16. The Lunar Surface • The surface of the Moon is quite dark, despite being so bright in our night sky. • This is due to its small albedo. • The amount of sunlight an object’s surface reflects. • Moon’s albedo: 7% • Earth’s albedo: 31%

17. The Lunar Surface: Temperature • No atmosphere • So what? • The amount of sunlight absorbed by the surface of the Moon contributes to its extreme temperature differences. • Sunlight • 127 °C (260.6 °F) • No sunlight • -173 °C (-279.4 °F) Really Cold! Really Hot!

18. Lunar Surface: Physical Features • Very different from Earth • No erosion (minus that caused by recent impacts) • Why? • No atmosphere • No water

19. Features of the Moon • Highlands • Light in color • Mountainous • Heavily covered with craters • Maria (singular, mare) • Dark, smooth plains • ~3 km lower in elevation than highlands

20. Features of the Moon • Impact craters • All craters on the Moon are impact craters • Caused by objects from space crashinginto the Moon’s surface • Ejecta • The material blasted out during impacts which falls back to the surface

21. Features of the Moon • Rays • Long trails of ejecta radiating out from a crater

22. Features of the Moon • Rilles • Valley-like structures found in the maria

23. Quick Check! • Hold up the number of fingers that corresponds with the correct answer. • Which area of the Moon is known for its numerous craters? • Highlands • Maria • Albedo

24. Answer • Which area of the Moon is known for it’s numerous craters? • Highlands • Maria • Albedo

25. Quick Check! • Which area of the Moon is known for being very smooth with few craters? • Highlands • Maria • Albedo

26. Answer • Which area of the Moon is known for being very smooth with few craters? • Highlands • Maria • Albedo

27. Creative Study: Formation Theories • Read “History of the Moon” on pages 755-757 in the Earth Science Books. • Create a foldable about the three major theories regarding the formation of the Moon. • You must include: • The name of each theory • A brief description of it in your OWN words • Why it is commonly rejected or accepted • You may work with your table partner, but every person needs to have their own sheet! • Feel free to add pictures!  (Name 1) (Name 2) (Name 3) Description Accepted or Rejected and Why?

28. Closing • By the end of class, CWBAT briefly review the beginnings of space exploration, properly identify features of the Moon’s surface, and will create a foldable analyzing the theories of how the moon formed. • Thumbs-Up/Thumbs-Down?

29. Exit Ticket • On your Catalyst Sheet, answer the following: • List at least 3 features of the Moon’s surface and briefly describe each one. • Place your completed Catalyst Sheets in the INBOX. • Take a Homework Sheet from near the black bin and get started.