Implementing Pollution Prevention “P2 Dee-fusion” Clearwater, FL June 7, 2000

1. Implementing Pollution Prevention “P2 Dee-fusion”Clearwater, FLJune 7, 2000 Cam Metcalf Executive Director jcmetc01@gwise.louisville.edu 502-852-0965

2. Driving Forces on Legislation • Property Owners: NIMBY, “Universal Backyard” • Taxpayers: Pressured by rising disposal fees • Environmentalists: Concerns of ecological effects • Industries: Fear punitive regulations & legislation

3. Driving Forces on Legislation • Property Owners: NIMBY, “Universal Backyard” • Taxpayers/Agency: Pressured by rising treatment fees • Environmentalists: Concerns of ecological effects • Industries: Fear punitive regulations & legislation

4. Our “Universal Backyard” • NIMBY • NOTE • BANANA • CAVE • NOPE

5. ‘90 Pollution Prevention Act Defines Source Reduction as: Any practice which reduces the amount of any hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant entering any waste stream or otherwise released into the environment (including fugitive emissions) prior to recycling, treatment, or disposal; and reduces the hazards to public health and the environment associated with the release of such substances, pollutants, or contaminants.

6. Hierarchy for Pollution Prevention (P2) • Source Reduction • Reuse/Recycling • Energy Recovery • Treatment • Disposal

7. P2 Programs are Selling Multi-Media Approaches • W ater • A ir • S olids • T ime • E nergy

8. Cross-Media Transfer Waste Gaseous/ Particles Waste Processing Waste Processing Waste Processing Solid Residuals Gaseous/ Particles Wastewater Watercourse or Impoundment or Deep Well Land Air

9. Cross-Media Transfer (cont.) • An example of cross-media transfer: • Facility installs a wet scrubber: VOCs transferred from air to water, which is discharged into a nearby stream. • Discharge to stream requires water permit modification: air stripper is installed to meet permit requirements--VOCs transferred back to the air. • New air stripper requires another air permit. • After 3 permits, 3 years, & $3,000,000 the same amount of contaminants are reaching the air! Pollution Prevention Review, Steven Anderson & Jeanne Herb

10. Process Flow Diagram Process Flow Diagram

11. P2 Means • Process modifications; • Feedstock substitutions; • Product reformulation; • Management practices or housekeeping alterations; • Recycling within industrial processes; or • Equipment replacement or modifications.

12. Good Housekeeping • Leads to Pride & Commitment • Keep It Clean In the First Place • Waste, Leaks & Spills Easier to Spot • Dry Cleanup

13. Inventory Management • Procurement Control • Material Types & Quantities • Container Sizes & Packaging Requirements • Raw Material Quality • MSDS’s • Material Control • Unloading & Storage • Handling & Use

14. Source Reduction Optionsfor Packaging • Light weighting • Selecting another material • Bulk packaging • Switching from single-use to reusable containers

15. Preferred Packaging Guidelines • NO Packaging • Minimal Packaging • Consumable • Returnable/Reusable • Recyclable Packaging, Recycled Material

16. Returnable for Reuse

17. Packaging Designed forEase of Breakdown & Reuse L’Oreal USA Florence, KY

18. Plastic Container, Strap & Sheet Recycling L’Oreal USA Florence, KY

19. Redesign Packaging for Reuse to Avoid Recycling

20. ParallelParadigms

21. The Future ofPollution Prevention (P2)... Environmental Management Systems (EMSs) “Environmental Management System”

22. P2 &EMSs“Systems Approach” • Prevent Waste: • Involvement or • Commitment • Add Value: • Fullfillment • Expectations • Exceed Expectations “Owner” Employees Supplier Customer “Delight” Process Can / should P2 become a strategic thrust for the Company?

23. P2 Sustainable Phases OPERATIONS EQUIPMENT/ SYSTEMS PRODUCTION PROCESS

24. Waste Reduction Operation Phase Recognized Need Start Assessment & Trng. PHASE ONE Good Housekeeping Waste Separation 0-6 months, Big Return on Investment Simple Recycling

25. Agency & Industry Management Strategies Objectives • To meet regulatory requirements • To be cost-effective • To improve environmental quality • To produce a quality product

26. Implementing Pollution Prevention (P2) In General In an IPP • Municipality Agrees to & SUPPORTS P2 Activities of its Staff. • IPP Staff, Industry & Business Personnel • Corporate Commitment • Team selection

27. Implementing P2 In General In an IPP • Background Information • Flow Diagram & Plant Survey • Materials Balance • Headworks Analysis • Sewer Line Blueprints • SIU Process Flow Diagrams • Permit Applications • Indirect Discharge Monitoring Reports • Self-monitoring Reports

28. Implementing P2Alternatives Analysis In The Past Present & Future • Source Reduction Opportunities • Reuse Potential • Recycle Potential • Energy Recovery • Treatment (BACT) • Disposal • Best Available Control Technology (BACT Treatment)

29. Evaluate Why P2 is Important to Communities • Water is a limited resource • Statewide Water Quality - Once quantity is restricted, the quality must be monitored • TMDL’s - Limits to what a watershed can receive • P2 may be the first step to encourage nonpretreatment cities to reduce pollutant contributions

30. Incorporate P2 Language • Restate the City’s environmental policy statements in City Ordinances, wastewater permits & permit applications • Require P2 plans & best management practices (EMS) as part of all department’s goals

31. Source Reduction Training • Manager Training • Employee Training • Process / Job / Shift • EMS/Systems Approach • Internal Assessment • Show Corporate & Agency Commitment

32. 42 Cubic Yard Compactor Boxes15 - 22 Loads per Day

33. Closer View of Compactor Loads

34. ID Solid Waste Materials • Cardboard • Wood • Plastics • Polystyrene • Office Paper

35. Compactor Box LoadTotal = 10,560 lbs.

36. Cardboard SeparationTotal = 2,940 lbs. (27.8%) • Conveyor of Mixed Solid Wastes • Cardboard Sorting by Hand • Uncontaminated Cardboard is Baled

37. Solid Waste w/ Cardboard Removed = 7,620 lbs. (71.2%)

38. Wood Separation

39. Wood = 2,400 lbs. (22.7%)

40. Trash = 5,220 lbs. (49.4%)

41. Plastic in the Solid Waste Stream • What types? • $0.03/lb. Or $60/Ton

42. Reclaim,Recover & Reuse On-site Off-site Materials Exchange

43. Challenges to Recycling • Cheaper to use virgin materials • Recycled materials often fail to meet Buyer Specs • Consumer mistrust of recycled materials • Inadequate supply of Post-consumer materials

44. Kentucky Industrial Materials Exchange • What is KIME? • A database • A matching service • A way to reduce landfill volume • A way for organizations to reduce waste disposal costs & raw material costs

45. Kentucky Industrial Materials Exchange • 48% • Hazardous • Acid • Solvent • Etc. 9% Miscellaneous • 43% • Non-Hazardous • Glass • Wood • Paper • Etc.

46. Types of CompaniesUsing KIME

47. Waste Reduction Equipment Phase Process Controls Equipment Modifications PHASE TWO Source Treatment 6 months - 2 years Some Return on Investment

48. General P2 Considerations • Management • Process & equipment selection • Vehicle Maintenance • Sludge management • Construction methods & materials • Laboratories • Operational Control & Maintenance

49. Equipment Maintenance &Preventive Maintenance • Routine Inspections • Proper setup & adjustment • Repairing Leaks Immediately • Replace Parts Before Expected Failure • Reduce Unexpected Downtime • Tracking Maintenance • Operator training

50. P2 Process & Equipment Selection Considerations • Solid Waste (Reduce/Reuse/Recycle) • Energy demand (efficiency) • Chemical use (disinfect, odors, aids) • Air emissions (VOCs, aerosols) • Water use & conservation • Sludge generated (heavy metals, etc.)