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Smart Dust

Daniel Sturm. Smart Dust. Outline. Introduction Technology Devices Communication Challenges protocol Applications References. Smart Dust is a Wireless Sensor network. It consists of very small Devices. The motes are deployed randomly. Introduction.

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Smart Dust

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  1. Daniel Sturm Smart Dust

  2. Outline • Introduction • Technology • Devices • Communication • Challenges • protocol • Applications • References

  3. Smart Dust is a Wireless Sensor network. It consists of very small Devices. The motes are deployed randomly. Introduction

  4. The Idea is a Brainchild of Kris Pister and Randy H. Katz at Berkeley University of California Introduction Kris S.J. Pister Randy H. Katz Both are Professors of EE and CS at Berkeley.

  5. But, it is still an idea... Introduction

  6. Outline • Introduction • Technology • Devices • Communication • Challenges • protocol • Applications • References

  7. The Devices are called motes (微粒 - Stäubchen) They are planed to be 1-2 mm small. But the current development is at about 5-7 mm. Technology - Devices

  8. Each Smart Dust system also has a base-station transreceiver (BTS) It queries the information of the motes. Technology - Devices

  9. Technology - Devices Motes consists of • Thick-film battery • Solar cell • Sensors • Passive Transmitter with corner-cube retroreflector • Active transmitter with laser diode and beam steer • Receiver with photo detector

  10. Technology - Devices

  11. In the Battery a total energy of about 1J is stored. It lasts for about one Day. Power consumption is roughly 10 μW. Solar cells can collect about 1J/day at sunlight and 1mJ/day at room light. Technology - Devices

  12. Battery power and energy saving technologies are the most important thing. Technology - Devices

  13. Outline • Introduction • Technology • Devices • Communication • Challenges • protocol • Applications • References

  14. Communication is made optical. Because it has lower energy requirements, since it don't need modulation, active bandpass filters and demodulators. Technology - Communication

  15. The bandwidth is between 1bps and 1Mbps. And it has been successfully tested over 20 km. But more range effects less bandwidth. Technology - Communication

  16. There are two ways of Data transmission. Passive and Active. Passive is preferred due to less energy consumption. Technology - Communication

  17. Passive transmission happens with a corner-cube retroreflector It reflects a ray back to the source. Unless one mirror is misaligned. Technology - Communication

  18. The BTS sends a light ray to the motes. The light is reflected back or not, which means means 1 or 0. It is the usual way to communicate for the motes, only if there is no line of sight. Technology - Communication

  19. Technology - Communication

  20. The BTS communicate with multiple motes at the same time through space-division multiplexing. Each signal is sensed by a different part of the CCD. The motes must not be to close to each other. Technology - Communication

  21. Technology - Communication

  22. Active transmission happens when motes can not communicate passively. With a simple light transmitter and a photodetector. Technology - Communication

  23. Outline • Introduction • Technology • Devices • Communication • Challenges • protocol • Applications • References

  24. The Protocol is not yet developed. Speed is unimportant. Low energy costs are important Challenges - Protocol

  25. Limitations for development are: Optical links requires uninterrupted line-of sight. The directional characteristic of the mote transmitter. Trade-offs between bit rate, energy per bit, distance and directionality. Challenges - Protocol

  26. Outline • Introduction • Technology • Devices • Communication • Challenges • protocol • Applications • References

  27. Smart Dust may be deployed over a region to record data for meteorological or geophysical research. Or it may be used in an environment that is unsuitable for wired sensors. Applications

  28. Smart Dust may be used to monitor the movement, habits, and environment of insects. Or used by the military to stealthy monitor hostile environment. Applications

  29. Smart Dust could be used to detect chemical or biological agents on the battlefield. Or it could even be used to observe YOU... Applications

  30. [1] Joseph M. Kahn, Randy Howard Katz, and Kristofer S. J. Pister, Emerging Challenges: Mobile Networking for “Smart Dust”, 2000 KICS [2] Brett Warneke, Matt Last, Brian Liebowitz, Kristofer S.J. Pister, Smart Dust: Communicating with a Cubic-Millimeter Computer, 2001 IEEE [3] V.S. Hsu, J.M. Kahn, and K.S.J. Pister, Wireless Communications for Smart Dust, January 30, 1998 References

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